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Praxis PLT > Student Development and Learning as a Process > Flashcards

Student Development and Learning as a Process Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 Theoretical Approaches?

A

Behaviorism, Social Cognitive Theory, Information Processing Theory, Constructivism, and Sociocultural Theory

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2
Q

This theoretical approach focuses on learning as a process of accessing and changing association between stimuli and responses.

B.F. Skinner, Edward Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov

A

Behaviorism

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3
Q

This theoretical approach focuses on the ways people learn from observing one another.

Albert Bandura

A

Social Cognitive Theory

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4
Q

This theoretical approach focuses on what happens inside, considering the processes of learning, memory, and performance

A

Information Processing Theory

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5
Q

This theoretical approach focuses on people constructing or creating knowledge based on their experiences and interactions

Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner

A

Constructivism

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6
Q

What are the two types of Constructivism?

A

Individual constructivism - how one person makes meaning

Social constructivism - how people gain knowledge by working together

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7
Q

This theoretical approach focuses on the combination of social, cultural, and historical contexts in which a learner exists have great influence on the person’s knowledge construction

Lev Vygotsky

A

Sociocultural Theory

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8
Q

Identify the theorist who developed “Taxonomy of Learning theory”

A

Benjamin Bloom

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9
Q

Theory: Bloom’s Taxonomy of Cognitive Domain (Knowledge)

A

Knowledge - to recall information/data (defines, lists, locates, recites, states)

Comprehension - to understand meaning (confirms, describes, discusses, explains, matches)

Application - to use concept (applies, builds, constructs, produces, reports)

Analysis - to separate concepts into parts (analyzes, categorizes, compares, debates, investigates)

Synthesis - to build a pattern from diverse elements (composes, designs, hypothesizes, implements, revises)

Evaluation - to make judgments (assesses, concludes, critiques, solves, justifies)

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10
Q

Theory: Bloom’s Taxonomy of Performance or Psychomotor Domain (Skills)

A 
Perception
Set
Guided Responses
Mechanisms
Complex Overt Responses
Adaptation 
Origination
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11
Q

Theory: Bloom’s Taxonomy of Affective Domain (Attitude)

A 
Receiving Phenomena
Responding to Phenomena
Valuing
Organization
Internalizing Values
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12
Q

Identify the theorist who developed “Social (or Observational) Learning Theory”

A

Albert Bandura

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13
Q

Theory: Social (or Observational) Learning Theory

A

Children learn by observing others

Ex: Modeling

*distributed cognition - individuals learn better with others

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14
Q

Identify the theorist who developed “Discovery Learning” and “Scaffolding”

A

Jerome Bruner

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15
Q

Identify the theorist who developed “Learning through Experience”

A

John Dewey

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16
Q

Who was known as “The Father of Progressive education.”

A

John Dewey

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17
Q

Theory: Learning through Experience

A

Dewy = father of progressive education; promotes individuality, free activity, and learning through experiences; students should be problem solvers; students active decision makers in education; teachers have right, must have more academic autonomy

Ex. Project-based learning, cooperative learning, and arts-integration

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18
Q

Identify the theorist who developed “Eight Stages of Human Development”

A

Erik Erikson

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19
Q

Identify the theorist who developed “Stages of Ethic Care”

Proposed a stage theory of moral development for women based on Erikson and Kohlberg’s male oriented theories.

A

Carol Gilligan

20
Q

Identify the theorist who developed “Theory of Moral Development”

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

21
Q

Theory: Theory of Moral Development

A

Lawrence Kohlberg
0-9 = Pre-conventional = Obedience/Punishment; individualism, instrumentalism, and exchange
9-20 = Conventional = Good boy/girl; Law and Order
20+ (maybe never) = Post-conventional = Social contract; Principled Conscience

22
Q

Identify the theorist who developed “Hierarchy of needs”

A

Abraham Maslow

23
Q

Theory: Hierarchy of Needs

A

Abraham Maslow

  1. Physiological Needs
  2. Safety Needs
  3. Love and Belongingness Needs
  4. Esteem Needs
  5. Self-actualization
24
Q

Identify the theorist (and Italian physician) who developed “Follow the Child”

A

Maria Montessori

25
Q

Theory: Follow the Child

A

Maria Montessori

Believed that childhood is divided into four stages, which are divided into 6 year intervals.

26
Q

“Stages of Cognitive Development”

A

Jean Piaget

27
Q

Theory: Stages of Cognitive Development

A
  1. Sensorimotor (0-2y) Explore through sense and motor skills
  2. Preoperational (2-7y) Believe others view the world as they do; can use symbols to represent objects
  3. Concrete Operational (7-11y) Reason logically with familiar situations; can observe and reverse operations
  4. Formal Operational (11+) Can reason in hypothetical situations; use abstract thought
28
Q

Identify the theorist who developed “Operant Conditioning”

A

B.F. Skinner

29
Q

This theorist is known as “The Grandfather of Behaviorism”

A

B.F. Skinner

30
Q

Theory: Operant Conditioning

A

B. F. Skinner

When a stimulus-response is reinforced (rewarded), the individual becomes conditioning to respond.

31
Q

Identify the theorist who developed “Zone of Proximal Development”

A

Lev Vygotsky

32
Q

Theory: Zone of Proximal Development

A

Lez Vygotsky

Determining the right amount of teacher help to give a a student so that they are challenged but not overwhelmed.

33
Q

What word means “responding to a new event or object that is consistent with an existing scheme”

A

Assimilation

34
Q

What word means “a process of behavior modification by which a person comes to respond in the desired manner to what was once a neutral stimulus”

A

Classical Conditioning

35
Q

What word means “a process of gathering several pieces of information together to solve a problem”

A

Convergent Thinking

36
Q

What word means “knowledge of what is”

A

Declarative Knowledge

37
Q

What word means “knowledge of how to”

A

Procedural Knowledge

38
Q

What word means “knowledge of when again”

A

Conditional Knowledge

39
Q

What word means “one’s ability to explain new events based on existing schemes, which is usually accompanied by discomfort”

A

Disequilibrium

40
Q

What word means “a process in which two or more learners share their thinking as they work together to solve a problem”

A

Distributed Cognition

41
Q

What word means “the process of mentally taking a single idea and expanding it in several directions”

A

Divergent Thinking

42
Q

What word means “movement from equilibrium to disequilibrium and then back to equilibrium again”

A

Equilibration

43
Q

What word means “one’s ability to explain new events based on existing schemas”

A

Equilibrium

44
Q

What word means “a person’s ability to think about his or her own thinking”

A

Metacognition

45
Q

What word means “a concept in the mind about event, scenarios, actions, or objects have been acquired from past experience”

A

Schema

Praxis PLT (7 decks)

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