Stuart Britain - 1525-29 Turbulent 4 years Flashcards
Crown and Parliment: The Divine Right and DoB’s influence
C1 committed to divine right - parliment asserts sovereignty
DoB control patronage, access to J1 = unpopular
Popular with C1 = strong father figure, trip to Madrid 1623-4
Crown and Parliment: Controlling Parliment and DoB hatred
Subsidies for war with Spain = 2nd parl Feb 1626
C1 removes Coke, Phellips and Wentworth as Sheriffs (remain in counties)
New leaders Pym and Eliot emerge
Earl of Arundel to Tower but HofL protests = release
DoB impeachment = Eliot + Digges - sent to tower but released to appease parl
Parl shut June 1626 as DoB impeachment threatened
Crown and Parliment: 5 Knights Case
75 gentlemen imprisoned - didn’t pay forced loan
1627 - 5 issue Habeas Corpus
Court of King’s Bench = uneasy - only applied King’s command to these 5
C1 overturns this concerning Parl
Chief Justice of Bench dismissed. Archbishop of Canterbury suspended for refusing to approve sermon in defence of forced loans
Crown and Parliment: Petition of Right
Mar 1628 parl for 5 subsidies - accepted if C1 agreed to petition of right - stated illegality of rasing taxes or loans without parl, martial law or lack of habeas corpus
June 1628 - signed for subsidies and parl suspended
The PoR was later undermined when C1 removed its statue number and stated that it did not affect his prerogative
Crown and Parliment: Protestation
Eliot, Pym etc oppose T&P
Questioned promotion of Arminians and catholics practicing ie Queen Feb 1629
Mar - parl dissolved
2nd Mar - aware of arrival of Black Rod MP’s shut door, sat on speaer and Holles shouted 3 resolutions (enemies of England = T&P collectors and payers and those introducing popery) - parl shut 10th
Eliot, Holles, Valentine arrested - Eliot and Valentine to Tower (Eliot dead 1632, Valentine released 1640)
Crown and Parliment: DoB assasination
Aug 1628 - Felton kills DoB
Arundel to PC and Wentworth Lord President of Council of North
C1 and HM in love - catholics in - Cottington Chancellor of Exchequer
Foreign Policy: War with Spain
DoB = war with Spain so Habsburgs restore Frederick to Palatinate
Mansfeld fiasco Jan 1625 - failure French give false promsise preventing landing of Mansfeld’s ships - only 600 survived of 12000
Cadiz Expedition Oct 1625 - shambles army had no water so drank wine only 5000 of 12000 returned
Foreign Policy: France ally then War and military rule
Marriage to HM Mar 1625
BUT trade war English seize French merchant ships
French didn’t help in Palatinate despite English support in 1624-25 against Hugeunots
DoB says fight with Huguenots - 100 ships June 1627, failure, second fleet 1628 failure, third fleet 1628 failure, surrender Oct 1628
Military Rule - civilians homes invaded with soldiers - martial law deepened local resentment
Foreign Policy: Peace Treaties
Apr 1629 - Treaty of Susa with France
Nov 1630 - Treaty of Madrid with Spain (included vague reference to helping restore Fredercik to Palatinate)
Greatly reduced expenditure and humilating defeats
Financial Policy: T&P contiual issues
June 1625 - C1 1st parl = 2 subsidies £120,000, C1 needed £1m for war
C1 collects T&P without consent, parl only gives for 12 months
1626 after year was up T&P continued to be collected
Jan 1629 - 3rd parl called in hope T&P would be approved (didn’t happen)
Financial Policy: New war revenues
Free gift - everyone who didn’t pay noted down
Forced Loan - anyone who refused put in prison - £240,000 raised - abuse of power??
1627 Ship Money for first time
Religous Policy: Preference for Arminianism
1625 Laud Bishop of Bath of Wells and Dean of Royal Chapel
1626 York House Conference Arminians prefered to Puritans
Same year Laud and Neile to PC and Montagu Royal Chaplain
1628 - Sibthorpe sermons for royal prerogative defended by C1 (unpop with parl)
Laud Bishop of London Montagu Bishop of Chichester
39 articles reissues Nov 1628 - no dispute over interpretation - debate banned
