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ANS100 > STRUGGLES > Flashcards

STRUGGLES Flashcards

1
Q

what are the climate based ag zones

A
  • tropical (north)
  • subtropical (coastal east)
  • temperate (coastal South-east)
  • Mediterranean (south westt)
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2
Q

how much of their income do poor spend on food

A

50-70%

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3
Q

What do farming systems offer

A
  • context (allow for complexities of each individual farm)
  • identify challenges
  • acknowledge activities
  • deeper understanding
  • farmer’s perspective
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4
Q

What are farming systems based on

A
  • resources
  • livelihood
  • enterprise patterns
  • strategies
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5
Q

7 farming systems

A

1 irrigated
2 rainfed high humidity potential
3 rainfed steep highland
4 rainfed small scale in cold and dry
5 large scale commercial
6 coastal artisinal fishing and cereal
7 urban-based

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6
Q

what is the farming system that produces the most food in australia

A

large scale commercial

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7
Q

what 4 farming systems are still used by family farmers

A
  1. irrigated
  2. rainfed high humidity potential
  3. rainfed steep highland
  4. rainfed small scale in dry and cold
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8
Q

how much land is arable in Aus

A

46 million ha

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9
Q

how much land is non-arable in Aus

A

419 million ha

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10
Q

how much land is used for crops in aus

A

16 million ha

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11
Q

how much land is used for grasses in Aus

A

30 million ha

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12
Q

What are the 3 farming zones in Aus and their subdivisions

A
  1. High rainfall
    - sheep-beef sector
    - dairy sector
  2. Wheat-sheep zone
  3. Pastoral
    - northern
    - southern
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13
Q

Where is the High rainfall zone

A
  • coast of NSW, South Queensland, victoria, south east aus, south west aus and Tasmania
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14
Q

Characterisitcs of high rainfall zone

A
  • > 500mm rainfall py
  • sloping
  • southern areas have a winter pattern
  • northern areas have a summer pattern
  • major constraints = low temp or low moisture
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15
Q

characterisitics of beef-sheep sector (HRZ)

A
  • 6-9 months
  • beef production and wool
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16
Q

characterisitics of dairy sector (HRZ)

A
  • 300 to 1000 cows milked per farm
  • long growing season
  • high pasture yields
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17
Q

characteristics of wheat-sheep zone

A
  • 33% of total Aus output/export
  • 5-9 month season
  • cereal cropping (only in 200-600 mm areas)
  • 50-70% mixed farmland
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18
Q

characteristics of pastoral zones

A
  • arid (>200mm yr)
  • grazing = low stocking rate
  • larger areas
  • higher cost of transport (further away)
  • West/central Aus
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19
Q

characteristics of northern sector (P)

A
  • 25% land area occupied in Aus
  • low carrying capacity of 1 per 30-50 ha
  • very large
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20
Q

characteristics of southern sector (P)

A
  • 25% land area
  • 10% of total production of Aus
  • large areas
  • main feed is native grasses
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21
Q

what percentage of water is used by irriigation

A
  • 70%
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22
Q

how much land is irrigated

A
  • 0.5%
23
Q

when did domestication begin

A
  • 12,000 to 8000 BC
24
Q

what plants were domesticated in fertile cresent and when

A
  • wheat, barley, peas, chickpea
  • 9000BC
25
Q

what plants were domesticated in China and when

A
  • rice, millet
  • 7500BC
26
Q

what plants were domesticated in mesoamerica and when

A
  • maize and beans
  • 3500BC
27
Q

what plants were domesticated in Africa/sahel and when

A
  • sorghum, millet, yam
  • 5000BC
28
Q

what plants were domesticated in andes/amazonia and when

A

maize, lima bean, cotton
- 3500BC

29
Q

what plants were domesticated in New guinea and when

A

sugar cane, bananas
- 7000BC

30
Q

8 main crops

A
  • wheat, barley, rice, sorghum, maize, millet, oats, rye
  • provide 75% food
31
Q

Where and when were sheep domesticated

A

ferile cresent and 8000-8500BC

32
Q

Where and when were goats domesticated

A

fetrile cresent and 8000 - 8500BC

33
Q

Where and when were pigs domesticated

A

China
7500-8000BC

34
Q

Where and when were cattle domesticated

A
  • india
  • 6000-7000BC
35
Q

Need to know dates

A
  • 1825 = 1 billion
  • 1927 = 2 billion
  • 1960 = 3 bil and green revo
36
Q

est population for 2050

A

9.7 billion

37
Q

what percentage of grain is fed to livestock

A
  • 30-70%
38
Q

how much global water use is for agriculture

A

80%

39
Q

what did the green revolution involve

A
  • irrigation
  • mechanization
  • improved crop varieties and disease resistance
  • pesticides and fertilisers
  • instiittutional arrangements (awareness)
40
Q

what percentage of runoff and groundwater are used for water sources

A

runoff = 6%
groundwater = 94%

41
Q

how much water does irriigation use

A

1000kl/ha/year

42
Q

what is Ag2030 goal

A

to have $100billion per year value in agricultire

43
Q

what is ANCERTA

A

Aus new zealand closer economic relations trade agreement

44
Q

What is CPTPP

A

Comprehensive and progressive trans pacific partnership

45
Q

what s RCEP

A

regional comprehensive economic partnership agreement
- largest
- 13 countries

46
Q

compare intensive and extensive agriculture

A

intesive = smaller, fewer animals, more input costs, sell for more, coatsal and south
extensive = larger, more animals, fewer input costs, slower growth rates, northern Aus

47
Q

percentage of emission from ag

A
  • 24%
48
Q

What is breeding 2.0

A
  • mendelian genetics
  • using breeding to influence genetics
49
Q

inbred, hybrid, clones

A

inbred - self compatible
hybrid - not self compatible
clones - vegetatively propagated

50
Q

what is true breeding

A

all offspring have same phenotype
- occurs after 6-7 generations
- gentically fixed(will be AA and aa only)

51
Q

explain backcrossing

A
  • take an existing good variety (P1) and cross with another species with a good trait.
  • trait is transferred to the good exisiting vairety (P1) and select for this phenotype until it is constant
52
Q

explain mutation

A
53
Q

by how much is annual rainfall in South west expected to decrease by 2030

A

20-30%

54
Q

7 options to improve food security from UN

A
  1. regulate commodities and larger cereal stocks
  2. remove subsiidies from first gen biofuels
  3. reduce cereals and fish in animal feed
  4. support farmers in eco-agriculture
  5. increase trade
  6. limit global warming
  7. raise awareness of population issues

ANS100 (10 decks)

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