Structuring and Organizing Practice II

Question 1

Blocked and random practice

first letter is how they practice and second letter is how they were tested

random in random retention and blocked retention

how does blocked practice go in training

differences in learning and retention

Answer 1

Random group outperformed blocked group during random retention.

Random group outperformed blocked group during blocked retention

1.Blocked practice improves performance during practice.

2. Random practice improves how much learning we retain.

Question 2

random
blocked
and random+ modelled practice

Modelling group performed best during …. but worst at ….

Random practice performed best at….

too much modelling can be….

random practice tend to cause the best…. despite lower performances in…

Answer 2

Modeling group performed best during acquisition but worst at retention.

Random practice group performed best during retention

1. Too much modeling can be bad for learning and retention.
2. Random practice tends to cause best retention despite lower performance in practice.

Question 3

Random practice requires the learner to be….

random practice provides…..
this increases the strength of….

random practice forces learner to forget…
and therefore generate a ….

Answer 3

Random practice requires the learner to be engaged because variants or elements of the task practiced change constantly.

• Random practice provides meaningful and distinguishable motor memories of various tasks. This increases the strength of motor memories and how well they are retained.
• Random practice forces learners to forget short-term solutions after each change in task.
• Short-term forgetting forces the learner to generate a “new” solution for each movement.ui

Question 4

Constant practice

Variable practice

blocked random practice

Answer 4

Constant Practice: A practice schedule in which individuals practice one variation of a skill repeatedly before moving to next skill.

Variable practice: A practice sequence where different variations of the same skill are practiced in a random order.

blocked random: in each block, all 5 variations and performed but in a random order

Question 5

Constant Vs. Variable practice

Answer 5

Variable practice allows us to learn the basic mapping between a parameter (e.g., force) and resulting action (e.g., throwing distance)

constant is really good for one specific movement

Question 6

Blocked and Random practice

motor what? skills? random practice provides slower…. but faster….?
blocked practice shows more success…. which may help…?

Constant and Varied practice
Motor what? Skill? varied practice aids in…. but can hinder performance in the…? constant practice is beneficial for…?

Answer 6

B&R:
* motor acquisition
* Different skills
* Random practice provides slower improvements in performance but seems to facilitate long-term learning.
* Blocked practice shows more success during learning which may help confidence (typically less retention though)

C&V
* Motor adaptation
* Variations of the same skill
* Varied practice aids in retention of motor learning, but may hinder performance on the short term
* Constant practice is beneficial for special skills (e.g., free throw shooting). Environment doesn’t change

Question 7

What is feedback:

Augmented feedback. where does it enter ID processing? properties of augmented feedback?

Answer 7

Feedback: Information about movement patterns or outcomes
the nervous system can use to guide future movements

Augmented Feedback: Information about a movement outcome. This additional feedback comes from an external source (i.e., instructor, video) and augments intrinsic feedback.

enters at the start, after the movement, before stimulus ID

• Feedback provides information to correct errors
• Feedback can be motivational
• Feedback can produce dependence
• Feedback can focus attention

Question 8

Knowledge of Results:
and differences?

Knowledge of Performance:

Answer 8

Knowledge of Results: Augmented information about the success (yes or no) or degree of success of an action relative to the goal of the task. KR is redundant about the outcome

Knowledge of Performance: Augmented information about movement patterns while performing a motor task

Question 9

how much feedback is too much

is 100% or 50% better

tapered feedback

Answer 9

Best practice is Tapered Feedback:

Provide frequent feedback during early learning and progressively withdraw feedback as learner becomes skilled at task.

Question 10

Instantaneous and Delayed feedback

Answer 10

Instantaneous Feedback:
Feedback provided immediately after movement that informs learners about the trial that was just completed.

Delayed Feedback:
Feedback provided a short period of time after movement that informs learners about the trial that was just completed.