Retention and learning transfer Flashcards
Mastery
what is warm up decrement
Decay in performance after a period away from a task that disappears after a few trials. Related to ‘forgetting’ motor memories and reverting to baseline performance
difference between end of one practice and start of another
Decreased learning on the second day
the better you get the less warm up decrement you get
Savings of learning
The rate of relearning a motor skill is
faster than the rate at which the skill is initially learned.
Re learn it very fast, if you lost some from last sessions
Transfer of Learning:
an example
How learning is achieved in one task or setting carries over to performance in an alternate task or setting.
Types of transfer
examples
Specialized - Same exact envn
Near - close envn
Far - gross skills transfer
Specialized Transfer
Perform the exact same task in exact same setting. Performance and practice are identical.
shooting a freethrow
Near transfer
Open skills cannot be practiced directly because of the uncertainty of the task/environment.
Near Transfer: Requires the learner to perform the target movement in the target context
Far transfer
Focused on the development of more general motor skills. Far Transfer does not require the target movement to be performed in the target environment.
3 points of transfer of learning
same movement in practice and performance
team sports of similar strategies
envn - loud, quiet, warm, cold
Perceptual skills
perceptual elements
similarities of movement patterns
The ability to transfer perceptual skills that are shared between activities.
Perceptual skills needed to catch fly balls could transfer to catching a football pass
Perceptual Elements: Aspects of a task that deal with the use of sensory feedback to guide and control actions
Strategy and conceptual similarities
conceptual elements
The ability to transfer high-level strategies (general player positioning) that are shared between activities.
Defence strategies are similar in hockey and basketball.
Conceptual Elements: Aspects of a task that deal with the rules, principles, guidelines, or strategies of performance.
retention interval
how does it vary
Retention Interval: The period of time where no further practice is undertaken. During this time ‘motor forgetting’ may occur and impede performance
The amount of retention and length of retention period vary across different types of motor skills
Retention interval in discrete
retention interval in continous
Use it or lose it
Discrete retention interval is much shorter, and decays faster over time
Continuous holds on for longer, and less decreases in performance partly because you get so many more reps at continuous than discrete
part practice
whole practice
component interaction
Part Practice: Practicing aspects or sub-units of performance in isolation
swimmers often practice upper and lower limb movements seperately
Whole Practice: Practicing a whole skill or sequences of movements in their entirety
Interactions between body segments or
components of movement limits how part practice transfers to whole movement.
Component Interaction: The extent to which actions involved in one part of a skill influence actions involved in other aspects of the skill.
when in part practice ineffective
when is part practice effective
component interaction
Component interactions are minimal and parts are relatively independent. Part practice is effective.
Component interaction is high – part practice is ineffective.
Component interaction refers to interactions between body segments – energy transfers that maximize movement speed, fluidity or energy of impact (while minimizing the energy demand of doing the movement)
progressive part practice
Progressive Part Practice:
Practice and develop fundamental elements/movements in isolation. After the individual elements are learned, begin to string them together into a sequence to account for component interaction
