Structuring and Organizing Practice

Question 1

Evolution of brain activity during motor sequence learning

early leaning
late learning

Answer 1

early learning is sensory
more sensory than late learning

High cognitive demand- high effort
conscious processing

Late learning is M1 and Pre motor cortex
Low cognitive demand - low effort
automatic processing

Question 2

What are some factors that influence quality and effectiveness of practice

Answer 2

Question 3

Outcome Goals. Advantages and Limitations. USEFUL FOR:

Performance Goals
Advantages. Limitations
useful for:

Answer 3

Targets for performance that focus on the end result or outcome of an activity.
Advantage: Easy to measure or observe (i.e. you won or you didn’t)
Limitations: No “path” or process –
How do they get there? Are they realistic or setting up for failure?
ELITE ATHLETES

Targets for performance that focus on
improving a specific aspect of performance. improve throwing percentage to 70%
Advantage: Can help with narrowing focus. and target specific skills.
Limitation: More challenging to measure
AMATEUR LEVEL

Question 4

Process goals:
Advantages, limitations
USEFUL FOR

Answer 4

Targets for performance that focus on
the quality of movement production (technique)
Advantages: Directly link to movement. Very targeted and specific
Limitations: Could cause perceptual
narrowing (focus too much on movement, regress to conscious
processing) if overemphasized

Process goals target specific components of performance.
May be most appropriate
during early learning

Question 5

VALUE of setting goal directed practice
led to?

experimenter set goals? participant set goals? Do you best goals

tangible and realistic goals are important

Answer 5

better performance and retention

Question 6

Visualization
mental practice

Answer 6

Mental Practice: The practice of a motor skill in the absence of overt movement.
Mental Practice can help image/visualize how to perform the task using good/target behaviours in the target environment

Question 7

Massed Practice
Distributed Practice

Answer 7

Massed Practice: A practice schedule
in which the amount of rest between
trials or sessions is brief.

Distributed Practice: A practice
schedule in which the amount of rest
between trials or sessions is long

Question 8

Learners are often mistaken when was it comes too…

What may they have to trade off?

what do coaches help

Answer 8

coach that can observe and create a plan for you

Question 9

Continuous motor task

rest and breaks in learning and retention

longer rest periods often lead to…
differences in learning are generally…
positive effect of rest still..
shorter rest breaks are…

Answer 9

Question 10

Shooting a bow and arrow
type of practice and cognitive demands

cycling
type of practice and cognitive demand

Answer 10

Question 11

How can you change practice and make it different
3 different types

blocked practice
Random Practice

Answer 11

Blocked Practice: All trials of a given task or skill are completed before moving to a new task or skill

Random Practice: Individuals practice different skills in random order during practice session

Question 12

Does Random or Blocked Practice Produce Better Performance During Practice?

blocked group vs random

Answer 12