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Neuroscience Exam 1 > Structures of the Spinal Cord & Brain, Ventricular System and Meninges (Lecture 1 ) > Flashcards

Structures of the Spinal Cord & Brain, Ventricular System and Meninges (Lecture 1 ) Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS

A

nerves in periphery

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3
Q

Spinal nerves

A

nerves entering or exiting the spinal cord

dorsal and ventral roots merge to form a peripheral nerve

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4
Q

Cranial nerves

A

nerves entering or exiting the brainstem and diencephalon

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5
Q

Components of cerebral hemisphere

A

cerebral cortex

basal ganglia

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6
Q

Components of Thalamus (Diencephalon)

A

Hypothalamus

Dorsal Thalamus

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7
Q

Components of Brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons & Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata

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8
Q

Regions of Spinal Cord

A

Cerebral Hemispheres
Thalamus
Brainstem
Spinal Cord

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9
Q

Afferent fibers

A

Incoming info (sensory)

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10
Q

Efferent fibers

A

outgoing info (motor)

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11
Q

Dorsal

A

Posterior

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12
Q

Ventral

A

Anterior - can see deep ventral median fissure

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13
Q

Rostral

A

frontal pole

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14
Q

Caudal

A

Occipital Pole

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15
Q

Dorsal root function

A

sensory

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16
Q

denticulate ligament

A

tether the spinal cord to dura mater

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17
Q

posterior spinal artery function

A

blood supply to posterior cord

1/3

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18
Q

Ventral root function

A

motor

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19
Q

anterior spinal artery function

A

blood supply to anterior cord

2/3

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20
Q

Dorsal sulci - identify

A

posterior median
posterior intermediate
posterolateral (where dorsal root enters/exit spinal cord)

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21
Q

frontal lobe function

A

reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions and problem solving

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22
Q

Parietal lobe function

A

perception of somatosensory stimuli, movement, orientation, recognition

*a lot of processing is done here

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23
Q

Temporal lobe function

A

perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech

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24
Q

Occipital lobe function

A

visual processing

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25
Insular lobe function
gustatory processing (interception), social emotions
26
Limbic lobe function
memory, smells, emotions -parahippocampal
27
Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
Telencephalon & Diencephalon
28
Telencephalon
cerebral hemispheres cortex = lobes, fissures, sulci basal ganglia = nuclei deep in hemispheres
29
Diencephalon
thalamus and hypothalamus
30
Mesencephalon
midbrain
31
Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)
Metencephalon | Myelencephalon
32
Metencephalon
Pons & cerebellum
33
Myelencephalon
Medulla oblongata
34
basal ganglia function
motor control/cognitive processing
35
Thalamus function
relay of sensory and motor information to & from cerebral hemisphere
36
Hypothalamus function
seat of autonomic function
37
Cerebellum function
regulation & coordination of movement (eye movements) | posture & balance
38
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata function
Path of motor and sensory fibers to & from cortices Basic vital functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and BP
39
pre-central gyri
motor cortex (rostral)
40
post-central gyri
sensory (caudal)
41
corpus callosum
communication b/w L & R hemisphere
42
medulla function
basic life functions | HR / RR --> Injury to this can be fatal
43
pons function
origin of many cranial nerves
44
coronal radiata & internal capsule
white matter super highway that carries information in and out of corticies
45
CN 1
olfactory N - smell
46
CN 2
optic N - sight
47
CN 3
oculomotor N - motor to eye muscles
48
CN 4
Trochlear N - motor to 1 eye muscle
49
CN 5
Trigeminal N - sensory for face & neck
50
CN 6
Abducens N - motor to 1 eye muscle
51
CN 7
Facial N - motor to face and neck
52
CN 8
Vestibular Cochlear N - balance and hearing
53
CN 9
Glossopharyngeal N - motor to some pharynx mm
54
CN 10
Vagus N - autonomic motor to thorax & abdomen
55
CN 11
Spinal Accessory - motor to 2 neck muscles
56
CN 12
Hypoglossal N - motor to tongue muscles
57
Ventricular system
spaces in brain containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
58
Function of CSF
buoyancy (brain float), protection, intracranial pressure control, chemical stability
59
CSF
can be used to tell you about the health of CNS and PNS
60
Ventricular system - 4 regions
Lateral Ventricle -cerebral hemispheres 3rd Ventricle - Rt & Lt Thalami 4th Ventricle - spans pons to medulla
61
anterior horn
in frontal lobe
62
posterior horn
in occipital lobe
63
Inferior horn
In temporal lobe
64
1st & 2nd Lateral Ventricles
one in each telencephalic hemisphere | -anterior, posterior and inferior horn
65
Interventricular foramina
connects lateral ventricles with 3rd ventricle
66
3rd Ventricle
runs through diencephalon - b/w Rt and Lt diencephalon - connects with 4th via Cerebral Aqueduct (runs through Mesencephalon)
67
4th Ventricle
runs through Metencephalon and Myelencephalon | -pyramid-shaped - between pons and cerebellum, medulla
68
Route of circulation of CSF
1. lateral ventricle 2. interventricular foramina 3. 3rd ventricle 4. cerebral aqueduct 5. 4th ventricle 6. central canal to bathe spinal cord or around outside of brain within subarachnoid space
69
Exit of CSF from subarachnoid space
leaves via arachnoid villi
70
meninges
``` dura mater (tough) arachnoid mater (spider-like/thin) pia mater (thin) ```
71
Hydrocephalus
blocking CSF circulatory pathway leads to dilation of ventricles
72
Obstructive Hydrocephalus
CSF cannot reach subarachnoid space due to obstruction of interventricular foramina, cerebral aqueduct, or median and lateral apertures

Neuroscience Exam 1 (7 decks)

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