Cerebrovascular System Lecture 2

Question 1

vertebral artery gives rise to

Answer 1

anterior and posterior spinal artery

Question 2

anterior spinal artery takes up what portion of spinal cord

Answer 2

2/3

Question 3

posterior spinal artery takes up what portion of spinal cord

Answer 3

1/3

Question 4

medullary a (segmental medullary artery)

Answer 4

continuation of vertebral artery

blood supply from aorta

Question 5

Internal carotid artery arises from

Answer 5

carotid artery in the anterior neck

Question 6

main branches of internal carotid artery

Answer 6

middle cerebral artery & anterior cerebral artery

Question 7

vertebral artery ascends through

Answer 7

vertebral foramina to foramen magnum

Question 8

main branches of vertebral artery

Answer 8

• basilar
• posterior cerebral artery
• posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
• anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
• anterior spinal artery
• posterior spinal artery

Question 9

Why is circle of willis so important?

Answer 9

Anastomosis - connection for alternate blood supply

-damage to one does not affect overall function

Question 10

Circle Of willis

Answer 10

ACA, AcomA, PCA, PcomA

Question 11

Middle cerebral artery terminal distribution

Answer 11

lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure) to the top of head

supplied by MCA

Question 12

Anterior cerebral artery and branches

Answer 12

ACA comes off of ICA

• runs along corpus callosum & median fissure

Question 13

Posterior cerebral artery and branches

Answer 13

PCA comes off of basilar

• blood supply to ventral part of temporal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus and occipital lobe

Question 14

choroid plexus

Answer 14

makes CSD

Question 15

villi in the choroid plexus

Answer 15

in each ventricle

• highly vascularized connective tissue (pia mater)
• cuboidal layers of cells (choroid epithelial cells)

Question 16

Ependymal cells

Answer 16

single layer of cells lining ventricles of brain and spinal cord. Abundant mitochondria and are metabolically active (ACTIVE TRANSPORT)

Question 17

Endothelial cells Blood-CSF Barrier

Answer 17

fenestrated for open exchange of molecules between blood plasma and extracellular fluid in CT core

Question 18

connective tissue Blood-CSF Barrier

Answer 18

fibroblasts & collagen fibrils & fluid

Question 19

Choroid epithelial cell layer Blood-CSF Barrier

Answer 19

attached to each other via tight junction

- they control the flow of ions and metabolites into CSF

Question 20

Blood extracellular fluid exchange in CNS

Answer 20

CNS has to control what is coming from blood into CSF

Question 21

Selective transport to create the blood-CSF barrier

Answer 21

the choroid epithelial cells produce CSF through selective transport of materials from the connective tissue extracellular space

Question 22

Favored substances in blood-CSF barrier

Answer 22

• Chloride
• Magnesium
• Sodium

(higher concentrations in CSF)

Question 23

Blocked substances in blood-CSF barrier

Answer 23

• Potassium
• Calcium
• Glucose
• Proteins
• Albumin
• Uric Acid

Question 24

Compare/Contrast Blood-CSF with Blood Brain Barrier physiological transport systems

Answer 24

BBB in endothelial cells

Blood-CSF - continues to filter

move substances out of the brain and into the blood that prevents the buildup of molecules that could interfere with brain function

Question 25

Be able to locate

Answer 25

lateral sulcus 
insular lobe (cortex)
cingulate cortex lobe 
corpus callosum
ventricular system 
cerebellum and brain stem structures