Structures of living things Flashcards
What are the characteristics of living things?
Growth: all living things grow in size and number
Reproduce: All living things generate offspring
Adapt: Adapt to the environment, get things they need to survive
Produce waste: All living things generate waste
Energy: All living things obtain energy from their environment
Cells: All living things are made of cells
Unicellular
Any organism that is made of one cell
Bacteria, Amoeba, Etc.
Multicellular
Any organism made of 2 or more cells
Multicellular organism require more energy to survive
T-rex, Frog, Human,Etc.
What are the levels of organization?
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organs
System
Organism
Structure
Body parts/Anatonmy
Function
Purpose of the structure/Physiology
Explain the respiratory system
Lungs is the structure
Transferring oxygen into the blood is the function
Explain the Cardiovascular system
Heart is the structure
Moving blood through the body is the function
Stems
Apart of the vascular system (plant)
Move water through xylem
Move food through phloem
Leaves
Apart of the vascular system (plant)
Photosynthesis to make food from sun’s energy
Roots
Apart of vascular system (plant)
Absorb water & minerals from soil
Cell membrane
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Endocystosis
Bring things into the cell
Exocytosis
Remove things from the cell
Flagella/Cillia
Locomotion
DNA
Asexual reproduction
Organelles
Little organs
Parts of a cell
Maintain the life processes of the cell
Cell membrane
Functions as a protective barrier for the cell
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
In both animal and plant cells
Nucleus
Cells command centre
Noticeable in the organelle
Contains the genetic information (DNA)
In both animal cells and plant cells
Cytoplasm
A jelly like substance that contains the nutrients required by the cell to carry on the life processes
Organelles are in the cytoplasm
In both animal and plant cells
Ribosomes
Produce proteins
Made in nucleolus
Floating in Cytoplasm or attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it
Smooth ER has no ribosomes attached to it
Where many things are made for the cell
Vacuoles and Vesicles
Membrane structures that store nutrients, water & other materials
Plant cells have one very large vacuole taking up most of the space in the cell
Animals have a smaller vacuole and more vacuoles
In both animal and plant cells
Golgi Apparatus
Séries of flat disc-shapedsacs that package materials for the cell
Mitochondria
Convert chemical energy of sugar into a usable energy molecule called ATP
Nicknamed the powerhouse of the cell
In both animal and plant cells
Chloroplasts
Use photosynthesis to convert light, Carbon dioxide and water into sugar & oxygen
Only in plant cells
Cell wall
Provides protection and strength
Found in plant cells
Diffusion
Caused by the random motion of particles
Movement through fluids from high concentration to low concentration
What affects diffusion
Agitation (stirring)
Temperature (diffuse faster in warmer liquids)
Size of molecule
Permeable
A membrane that let’s all materials cross it
Impermeable
A membrane that let’s nothing cross it
Semi permeable/Selectively Permeable
A membrane that let’s only certain materials cross it
Animal and plant cells are semi permeable
Osmosis
The diffusion of water crossing a semi permeable membrane
Water moves from and area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration of water
