Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science 8 > Cells & Systems 2 > Flashcards

Cells & Systems 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the systems that we learn about

A

Respiratory
Digestive
Circulatory
Urinary
Nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

The transfer of gasses in & out of the body

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Trachea

A

Part of the respiratory system

Also called the windpipe

Carries air in & out of the lungs

20mm diameter and divides into the right and left of the bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lungs

A

Take up most of the chest cavity

2 lungs

Left is slightly smaller because it needs to make room for the heart

Protected by the cage and diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bronchus

A

12mm across

Each tube branches into thousands of narrow bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bronchioles

A

Divide into millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alveoli

A

Small air sacs at the end of bronchioles

Let oxygen diffuse into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuse out

Alveoli connects your respiratory and circulatory systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diaphragm

A

Main muscle of respiration

Dome shaped sheet of muscle that separates chest from abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inhalation

A
  1. Diaphragm contracts and moves downward towards the abdomen
  2. The rib muscles pull the ribs up and out
  3. The volume of the chest cavity is increased because air pressure in reduced and it flows into the lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Exhalation

A
  1. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward
  2. The chest wall muscles relax causing the chest cavity to contract
  3. Air pressure in the lungs increases so air flows out of the lungs through the mouth or nose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

Breaks down the food, absorbs food particles for energy and nutrients and eliminates waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the process of digesting food?

A

Food enters the mouth and is pushed down the esophagus into the stomach

Stomach muscles churn and break down the food with stomach acid and pass down broken down food to small intestines

Small intestines are covered with many finger like projections called villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Villi

A

Small finger like projections that absorb nutrients

Packed with capillaries

Connect your digestive and circulatory systems

Located in the small intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Capillaries

A

Take nutrients into your bloodstream by diffusion

Located in the Villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the liver pancreas and gall bladder do?

A

Produce, store and release substances that help break down food during digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Liver

A

Produces bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bile

A

Located in the liver

Helps the body absorb fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Enzymes

A

Located in the Pancreas

Help digest:

Proteins
Fat
Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores bile until needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Large intestine

A

Absorbs water as the last step of digestion before feces are released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Feces

A

Poop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rectum

A

Acts as a temporary storage area for feces

As it stretches it tells you that you need to poo

24
Q

Anus

A

Opening that controls the expulsion of feces

25
Q

Diseases that affect the digestive system

A

Crohn’s disease: inflammatory bowel disease
Celiac disease: Inflammatory reaction to gluten
Ulcers
Constipation

26
Q

How do we keep our digestive system healthy?

A

Eat healthy (fruits & vegetables)

Balanced diet

Drink water

Exercise

27
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system?

A

Circulates blood

Transports food particles, dissolved gases, etc to the cells

Consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels

28
Q

Heart

A

Organ that pumps blood through the body

Located behind the sternum on the left side

Size of your fist

4 pumping chambers

2 atria receive blood from the veins

2 ventricles pump blood vie the arteries

29
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels

A

Arteries

Veins

Capillaries

30
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart to the body

31
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood back to the heart from the body

32
Q

Capillaries

A

Small hairlike vessels that help carry blood to the cells

Connect the circulatory system to the respiratory and digestive system

33
Q

Explain the process of circulation

A
  1. Blood travels out of the left ventricle to the aorta to all tissues and organs in the body and then back to the right atrium
  2. Once in the arteries blood flows to smaller arterioles and then to capillaries
  3. While in the capillaries the bloodstream delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and picks up waste material
  4. Blood travels back through the capillaries into venules and then to larger veins
  5. Oxygen-depleted blood is delivered to the right atrium and the blood exits to fill the right ventricle ready to be pumped to the pulmonary circulation for more oxygen
34
Q

Diseases of the circulatory system

A

Heart attack: Heart doesn’t get enough blood

High blood pressure: Heart has to push the blood hard through the arteries

Stroke: Blood flow to brain blocked

35
Q

How do you keep your circulatory system healthy?

A

Don’t smoke

Eat healthy (fruits & vegetables)

Limit alcohol

Reduce stress

36
Q

Diseases that effect the respiratory system

A

Asthma
Lung Cancer
Emphysema

37
Q

How do you keep your respiratory system healthy?

A

Don’t smoke/vape
Exercise
Meditation
Avoid pollution
Avoid respiratory illnesses

38
Q

What is the function of the urinary system?

A

Filters the blood and creates urine as a waste product

39
Q

What is the other word for the urinary system?

A

Renal system

40
Q

Kidneys

A

Renal artery takes blood to the kidneys where it’s filtered

Kidney removes the waste and extra water which become urine

41
Q

Ureter

A

A tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder

42
Q

Bladder

A

A hollow organ that stores urine

43
Q

Urethra

A

A tube that allows urine to pass out of the body

44
Q

What are some diseases that affect the urinary system?

A

Kidney/Bladder infection
Kidney stones
Kidney failure
Urinary tract infection

45
Q

How do you keep your urinary system healthy?

A

Keep private area clean
Drink cranberry juice if your infected
Drink lots of water

46
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body

47
Q

What are the 2 nervous systems?

A

Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System

48
Q

What structures does the Central Nervous System include?

A

Brain
Spinal cord

49
Q

What structure does the Peripheral Nervous System include?

A

Nerves

50
Q

Brain

A

3lb organ in your head

Controls all functions of the body

Interprets information from the outside world

51
Q

Spinal cord

A

Long thin tube of nervous tissue

Extends from the brain to the lower back (bum)

Protected by the bones of the vertebral column

52
Q

Nerves

A

Bundles of neurons that relay information using complex electrochemical messages

Has sensory neurons and motor neurons

53
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Takes in information

For example
Put your hand on the stove the SN tells your brain my fingers are burning
Put ice on your leg SN tells your brain my leg is freezing

54
Q

Motor neuron

A

Carry messages from the brain to the body

For example
Put your hand on the stove MN sends the message from your brain telling your hand move
Put ice on your leg MN sends the message from your brain telling your hand to pick up the ice off your leg

55
Q

What are the parts of the neuron?

A

Nucleus
Cell body
Dendrite
Myelin
Myelin sheath
Schwann cell
Node of Ranvier
Axon
Axon terminal

56
Q

What are some diseases that affect your nervous system?

A

Multiple Sclerosis
Cerebral Palsy
Spinal cord injury (Paralysis)

57
Q

How do you keep your nervous system healthy?

A

Wear a helmet when your biking, skiing, etc
Wear your seatbelt
Don’t be stupid bundooqia

Science 8 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions