Mix & Flow of Matter Flashcards
Matter
Any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
g or kg
Volume
The amount of space something takes up
cm3, ml or L
Density
The amount of particles in a given space
The mass in a certain volume
g/cm3 or g/ml
Hydrometer
An instrument designed to measure the density of a liquid
Lower it sinks the less dense the liquid is
How do fish change average density
The swim bladder expands and contracts depending on how much gas is inside
How do submarines change average density?
Allow water into the ballast tanks to increase the density and sink
Push water back out using compressed gas to lower density and float
Buoyant force
The upward force exerted on objects submerged in or floating on a fluid
Archimedes’ Principle
The buoyant force acting on an object equals the weight of the fluid displaced by. the object
If gravity force is more than buoyancy force what happens and what happens when it’s opposite?
The object will sink if gravity has more force and if there is less gravity force than buoyancy it will float
Neutral buoyancy
If the force of gravity equals the buoyant force
It will float in the middle not too high but it won’t sink
How are density and buoyancy related?
A dense object can float as long as the average density is less than the density of the fluid it floats in
A ship made of metal and air can have an average density less than water
Do ships float higher in saltwater or freshwater?
Ships float higher in saltwater because it’s more dense than freshwater
Viscosity
Measure of how fast a fluid will flow
Thickness of a fluid
Slower, more viscous
Faster, Less viscous
Flow rate
Measure of the distance travelled by a certain volume of fluid in a given amount of time
A measure of speed
Measured in cm/s
Internal friction
The friction that occurs when particles bump into each other
What affects internal friction?
Particle size: Larger,slower, can bump into each other more easily
Particle shape: Some shapes stick to each other more
Particle Temperature: Colder, slower, Hotter, Faster
How do you find flow rate?
Flow rate = Distance (cm) divided by Time (s)
Force
Measured in newtons
Force of gravity is how much gravity pulls on an object
1kg = 10N
Pressure
How much force is applied over a certain area
Measured in (Pa) pascals
How do you calculate pressure?
P = F/A
Pressure in gases
The air surrounding us puts pressure on our bodies
Because the pressure within us balances with the outside
Pressure over areas
A large force over a small area can increase the pressure
A large force over a large area can decrease the pressure
Compressible
When something is compressible the spaces between the particles are large enough to be pushed into a smaller space
Only gases are compressible
