Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science 8 > Mechanical Systems > Flashcards

Mechanical Systems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Force

A

A push or pull

Has magnitude and direction

Measured in Newtons (N)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Work

A

Transfer of energy through motion

Requires a force and distance

Measured in Joules (J) (unit for energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you calculate work?

A

W=Fxd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you calculate force?

A

F=W/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you calculate distance?

A

d=W/F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does NM stand for?

A

Newtons x Meters which is the same as joules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How much is 1kg in newtons?

A

10N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much is 100g in newtons?

A

1N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much is 1m in cm?

A

100cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Machine

A

A device for multiplying forces or changing the direction of a force

Can increase the speed with which work is done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Levers

A

A simple machine that changes the amount of force you must exert in order to move and object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 parts of a lever?

A

Fulcrum

Load

Effort Force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fulcrum

A

The pivot point of a lever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Load

A

The mass of the object being moved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Effort force

A

The force used to operate a lever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Class 1 lever

A

Fulcrum is between the effort force and the load

Seesaw, scissors, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Class 2 lever

A

The load is between the fulcrum and effort force

Nutcracker, wheelbarrow, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Class 3 lever

A

The effort force is between the fulcrum and load

Baseball bat, gold club, arms, legs, hockey stick, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some levers in the body?

A

Bones act as levers in the body
Joints act as fulcrum in the body
Muscles exert the effort force

Nodding your head, tiptoeing, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inclined Plane

A

A simple machine

A ramp or slope

Force advantage (decreased effort needed by increasing distance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Example of inclined plane

A

Lifting a box out of a vehicle vs pushing it down a ramp

distance from ground to vehicle= 1m
mass of box=10kg
Work= Force 100Nx 1m distance
Work=100J

5m inclined plane to move the box

Force= Work/distance
Force= 20N (much less force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Wedge

A

Simple machine

Triangular tool

Portable inclined plane

Used to separate objects or pieces

Used to hold objects in place

Used to lift

Axe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pulley

A

Simple machine

Grooved wheel that carries a rope

Used to change the direction of the effort force

Used to lift objects with less effort (force advantage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Wheel and axle

A

Simple machine

2 wheels of different diameters that turn together

Can produce a distance advantage or force advantage

Effort on wheel=force advantage

Effort on axle=s/d advantage

Door knob

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Screw

A

Simple machine

Cylindre wrapped with an inclined plane

Provides a force advantage

Turns rotational motion into liner motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Mechanical Advantage

A

A value that indicates how much a machine multiplied force or distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How do you calculate mechanical advantage?

A

MA=Fo/Fi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

MA force advantage

A

> 1

Trade off is speed or distance

Loses speed or farther distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

MA speed or distance advantage

A

<1

Trade off is force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does MA=1 do?

A

Change of direction only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What affects the MA of the lever?

A

Changing the length of the arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

MA of a class 1 lever

A

MA=1 is fulcrum is exactly in the middle like a seesaw

MA<1 (speed/distance advantage) is fulcrum is closer to effort force like a catapult

MA>1 (force advantage) is fulcrum is closer to the load like a carjack

33
Q

MA of a class 2 lever

A

Always a force advantage (MA>1)

Wheel barrow, nutcracker, etc.

34
Q

MA of a class 3 lever

A

Always a speed/distance advantage (Ma<1)

Hockey stick, baseball bat, golf club, etc.

35
Q

What is a fixed pulleys mechanical advantage?

A

MA=1

Provide a change of direction only

36
Q

Draw a class 1 lever

A

Answer in booklet

37
Q

Draw a class 2 lever

A

Answer in booklet

38
Q

Draw a class 3 lever

A

Answer in booklet

39
Q

Draw a fixed pulley

A

Answer in booklet

40
Q

What is the force output?

A

The load

41
Q

What is the force input?

A

The effort force

42
Q

What is the mechanical advantage of a moveable pulley?

A

Ma>1

Provide a force advantage

43
Q

Draw a moveable pulley

A

Answer in booklet

44
Q

What hint could you use to help find the mechanical advantage of a pulley?

A

The amount of ropes attached to the load is the number of mechanical advantage

Do math to make sure though

45
Q

Block and tackle (pulley)

A

Made of multiple pulleys working together

Used to lift a large load

46
Q

What is a block and tackle’s mechanical advantage?

A

MA>1

Provides a force advantage

Force can be in any direction

47
Q

What is the force input for a inclined plane?

A

The force needed to push the load up the ramp

48
Q

Work input

A

The work you do

49
Q

Work output

A

The work the machine does

50
Q

How do you calculate work input?

A

Wi=Fi x di

51
Q

How do you calculate work output?

A

Wo=Fo x do

52
Q

What is always the output?

A

The load ( no matter what machine is being used )

53
Q

Energy

A

Ability to do work

Work is done whenever a force causes an object to move

When work is done, energy is transferred or transformed

54
Q

What are the 2 types of energy?

A

Kinetic energy

Potential energy

55
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy of motion

Used by simple machines in motion

There a, energy is kinetic energy

Roller coasters dropping, pulling a rope of a pulley, pushing one end of a lever, pushing something up a ramp

56
Q

Potential energy

A

Stored energy

Chemical potential energy (food, batteries)

Gravitational potential energy

Elastic potential energy

57
Q

The law of conservation of energy

A

Energy can’t be created or destroyed only changed in form

Work is the conversion of potential to kinetic energy or kinetic to potential energy

58
Q

Friction

A

A force that resists movement

Anywhere 2 surfaces rub against each other

Results in loss of energy due to heat

Prevented by using lubricants such as oil

Lubricants are used in machines like engines and gears

59
Q

Efficiency

A

A value indicating how much energy is lost due to friction or heat

Expressed as a percentage

60
Q

How do you calculate efficiency?

A

E=Wo/Wi x 100

61
Q

Label do, do, Fi, Fo and calculate Wo Wi and Efficiency

A

Answer in booklet, use on of the questions in booklet

62
Q

Gears

A

Rotating wheel like objects with teeth cut into the rim

Work together in groups called gear trains

Motion is transferred from one to the other

Changes the direction of force

63
Q

Explain force in gears

A

The driver gear is force input

The follower gear is force output

Any gear in between the driver and follower is the idler

Idler gears allow for the follower and driver gear to turn in the same direction

64
Q

What are the 3 types of gear trains?

A

Parallel gears

Multiplying gears

Reducing gears

65
Q

Parallel gears

A

Driver and follower are the same size (same number of teeth)

Used to change direction only

MA=1

66
Q

Multiplying gears

A

Large driver gear and smaller follower gear

Speedy advantage

MA<1

67
Q

Reducing gears

A

Small driver and large follower

Force advantage

MA>1

68
Q

Formula for MA of gears

A

MA= #teeth of follower divided by #teeth of driver

69
Q

Speed ratio of gears

A

If a machine has different sized gear the smaller gear turns faster than the bigger one

SR is the difference between the two speeds of the gear

Reciprocal of MA

70
Q

How do you calculate speed ratio of gears?

A

SR= #teeth driver divided by #teeth follower

When doing speed ratio everything is the opposite even force and speed advantage

MA<1 Force

MA>1 Speed

71
Q

Pressure

A

A measurement of the amount of force citing over certain area

Pascals is the unit

72
Q

How do you calculate pressure?

A

P=F/A

73
Q

Pascal’s law

A

If you apply pressure to a fluid in a closed container, the fluid will transmit for same amount of pressure in all directions

74
Q

Hydraulic systems

A

A mechanical system that uses liquid under pressure in a closed system to do work

Uses pistons of different sizes to create a force advantage

Pressure is the same e throughout the container

75
Q

How do you calculate the Force in a hydraulic system?

A

F=PxA

76
Q

MA of Hydraulic systems

A

A small amount of force can be applied to the small piston

Resulting in a large amount of force on the large piston

Pressure stays the same throughout the system

77
Q

Examples of hydraulic systems

A

Brake systems
Cranes
Ferris wheel
Elevator
Snow plow
Backhoe
Log splitter
Forklift
Bucket trucks

78
Q

Pneumatic systems

A

Use pressurized air to transfer force

79
Q

Examples of pneumatic systems

A

Dentist drills
Hovercrafts
Air casts
Jack hammers
Staple guns
Pneumatic nailers

Science 8 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions