Structures Engineering Flashcards
Structural Materials used in building up a system of storing and distributing water and collecting and disposing of wastewater.
Clay, bitumen, bricks
It was used to construct aqueducts, trusses, domes, arches, vaults, etc.
Stone and masonry
They invented cement using lime mortar and volcanic ash.
Roman engineers
one-dimensional entities (trusses, frames, cables, arches)
Discrete elements
two or three-dimensional space (plates and shells)
Continuous elements
It is a curved
member
Arches
Members are subjected to axial forces only (tension or compression)
Truss
Members connected to one another with rigid or semi- rigid connections.
Frames
Members are short, prismatic, slender and straight.
Truss
Members connected to one another with pin connections.
Truss
It does not have shear forces or bending moments.
Truss
In frames, the horizontal members are
called?
Beams (or girder, joist, purlin, lintel).
In frames, the vertical members are called?
Column
Members are slender, prismatic, and can be straight or curved.
Frames
They are subjected to
bending moments
Beams
They carry axial forces.
Columns
It is a slender member, with a very small cross-section compared to the length.
Cables
When load is discrete, the deformed shape is what?
A straight line
When load is distributed, deformed
shape is what?
A curve
In cables, the primary internal force is what?
Axial tension
In Arches, the primary internal force is what?
Compression
It is usually normal to the flat surface.
Loading
A flat structural member with thickness usually small compared to lateral dimensions.
Plates
Can be singly curved such as cylindrical shells, doubly curved such as spherical shells or hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces.
Shells
A structural member where the roof system is a truss while the structure that transmit the load to the ground is a frame
Trussed Frame
It provides lateral stability and reduce the overall deflection of the frame.
Braced Systems
It is a structural system used for very long spans as required in some bridges.
Suspension Systems
Its basic load transfer mechanism is along one-direction.
One-way slab
They are sometimes assumed to act as wide flat beams, and are constructed in various shapes – T-beams, joist systems, waffle pan, precast planks, etc.
Floor slabs
It consists of a slab and beam assembly – slabs spanning on secondary beams that then rest on main beams supported on columns.
Conventional roofs
It forms the basis of the advanced numerical techniques.
Classical Techniques
It gave a new life to techniques that were considered unsuitable for hand calculations.
Numerical Techniques
A part of structural design where it is established by the client.
Need
A part of structural design where selections are narrowed by several considerations.
Intermediate designs
Angle between two or more connected members is the same after deformation.
Rigid
Transmits shear and axial forces but not the moment – “moment-release” connection.
Internal Hinge
Rigidity is depicted by a torsional spring.
Typical
It is a figure of a structural component or system showing all the forces (external, internal, reactive) acting on it.
Free-Body Diagram
If a structural system is in ________, then any component of the system is also in equilibrium.
Equilibrium
If the number of unknowns is equal to the number of available equilibrium equations, then the structure is said to be?
Statically determinate.
It is assumed on the basis of structural
stability.
Determinacy or indeterminacy of a
structure
It is an inherent property of the structure and not of the loads acting on
it.
Stability
if (m + r) < 2j, the truss is ________.
Unstable
If (m + r) = 2j, the truss is ________.
Determinate
If (m + r) > 2j, the truss is ________.
Indeterminate, indeterminacy is equal
to (m + r − 2j).
