ABE54 - ELECTRIFICATION Flashcards
Known as the relative mobility of electrons within a material.
electric conductivity
Materials with high electron mobility (many free electrons) are called _______.
Conductors
Materials with low electron mobility (few or no free electrons) are called __________.
insulators
It is used to used to open and close circuits
It is used to used to open and close circuits
Rate of charge flow past a given point in an electric circuit
Current
The work required to move a unit charge from one location to another
Voltage
Applies to resistors in series “The ratio of individual resistance to total resistance is the same as the ratio of individual voltage drop to total supply voltage in a voltage divider circuit.”
Voltage Divider Formula
Voltage Divider
Applies to resistors in parallel “The ratio of total resistance to individual resistance is the same ratio as individual (branch) current to total current”
Current Divider Formula
Current Divider
No power lost in stepping up or down the voltage. Thus, power in the primary circuit is equal to the power out the secondary circuit
Ideal Transformer
A waveform is defined as one waveform that is ahead of another in its evolution.
leading
The total measure of opposition to electric current and is the complex (vector) sum of (“real”) resistance and (“imaginary”) reactance.
Impedance
True power over apparent power
Power Factor
American diplomat and natural philosopher, he proved that lightning and electricity were the same. He conducted a Kite Experiment in 1752 and said Electricity travels through conductors.
Ben Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
He Invents the Light Bulb and Generating Stations in NYC (1882).
Thomas Edison
The flow of electrons from one place to another.
Electricity
A combination of a prime mover, (typically an engine), and an alternator.
Generator Set
Uses the sun energy to either boil water or directly converts solar energy to electrical energy
Solar
Solar Energy
Solar Power
Solid-state devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity. It has no moving parts, highly reliable and requires little maintenance. No greenhouse gas emissions and operates silently. Can be built virtually in any size (modular). Cost effective in areas that are remote from utility grids
Photovoltaic (PV) Modules
Photovoltaic Modules
PV Modules
Photovoltaic
It is made of semiconductor materials (e.g. silicon) and converts photon energy to electricity
PV Cell
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL
It uses a material called Uranium to produce electricity.
Nuclear Power Plant
Nuclear Power
Nuclear Plant
It refers to the different stages of carrying electricity over poles and wires from generators to a home or a business. (Complete words)
Transmission and Distribution
These lines can be found overhead or sometimes in the ground, and, combined, transmission and distribution lines make up what is commonly called “________.”
Grid
It refers to the part of electricity delivery that moves bulk electricity from the generation sites over long distances to substations closer to areas of demand for electricity.
Transmission
These are the lines many people see along streets.
Distribution Lines
The voltage of distribution lines – the lines many people see in their neighborhoods – is approximately __________;
13 kV
A typical household runs on how many Volts?
220V
Meaning of acronym NGCP?
National Grid Corporation of the Philippines
Premises wiring shall not be electrically connected to a supply system unless the latter contains, for any grounded conductor of the interior system, a corresponding conductor that is _______.
grounded
An insulated grounded conductor of ___ mm2 or smaller shall be identified by a continuous white or gray outer finish or by three continuous white stripes on other than green insulation along its entire length.
14
A switching device that interrupts the abnormal or fault current. It is a mechanical device that disturbs the flow of high magnitude (fault) current and in additions performs the function of a switch.
Circuit Breaker
A type of conductor, which is a material that conducts electricity.
Electrical Wire
A metal or plastic enclosures used as housings for wiring connections.
A metal or plastic enclosures used as housings for wiring connections.
A component of an electrical distribution system which divides an electrical power feed into branch circuits, while providing a protective circuit breaker or fuse for each circuit, in a common enclosure.
A component of an electrical distribution system which divides an electrical power feed into branch circuits, while providing a protective circuit breaker or fuse for each circuit, in a common enclosure.
A receptacle in a wall or baseboard for connection to lamps or other electrical appliances.
Convenience Outlet
A switch most commonly used to operate electric lights, permanently connected equipment, or electrical outlets.
Light Switch
It is where the wires connected to the load side of the meter enter the house or building.
Service Entrance
A device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a building, tenant space, or electrically powered equipment.
Electric Meter
Energy Meter
These are used for convenience outlets, switch boxes or small junction boxes.
Utility Boxes
A form of radiant energy from natural sources (e.g. the sun and stars), and artificial sources (e.g. a candle and electric lamps).
Lights
The application of light to illuminate objects, surfaces, scenes, pictures and people.
Lighting
The color of light is determined by its________.
wavelength
The region with slightly longer wavelengths immediately adjacent to the red end of the visible spectrum is known as the _______.
infrared
The rays of light enter the eye through the ________, which is the transparent membrane that bulges out at the front of the eye.
Cornea
The ability of the eye to adjust to higher or lower levels of luminance.
Adaption
The eye losses all its facility to see in color and the rods take over giving completely black and white vision, called ________, or nighttime adaptations.
Scotopic
All the radiated power emitted by a light source and perceived by the eye is called___________ (Φ) commonly called light output.
luminous flux
Generally speaking, a light source emits its ______ (Φ) in different directions and at different intensities.
Luminous Intensity
A measure of the amount of light falling on a surface.
Illuminance
E
The brightness of an illuminated or luminous surface as perceived by the human eye. Unit of measurement is candelas per square meter (cd/m2).
luminance
L
It produces light by the passage of an electric current through a vapor or gas, initiating the discharge to fluoresce
Electric discharge lamps
A physical interconnection of devices that influences the behavior of other devices or systems.
Electrical Control System
This refers to the part of the control system to be controlled or monitored, it can also be referred to as a process.
Plant
This can either be a device inside the system or outside the system which regulates the plant or the process
Controller
Certain books refer to this term as (the controlled output CO) and is defined as the signal of interest, the desired result to be obtained from the system
Output
This is the signal injected into the system from an external energy source. It is majorly referred to as the reference input.
Input
This can be seen as an alien signal, which can be generated either externally or internally that affects the system in a negative manner.
Disturbance
System where one in which the output does not feedback to the input to correct variations.
Open loop control system
System where one in which the output has an effect upon the input to maintain a desired output value.
Closed loop control system
Types of control where the system uses no automatic controls, the link is provided by the human operator.
Manual Control
Types of control where the sequence of operations is carried out automatically after being started by a human operator.
Semi-automatic control
Types of control where the human operator is replaced by a controller which monitors the system in comparison with a desired value, using feedback loops to take corrective action if necessary
Automatic control
Types of control where a level, hand wheel or other attachment fixed on the unit ‘locally’ is used as a means of alteration and control.
Local control
Types of control where the regulating unit is connected to an actuating device mounted some distance away by means of power transmission through electrical linkages.
Remote Control
Types of control where the regulating unit can occupy only one of the two available positions of ‘on’ or ‘off’.
On/off control
Types of control where more than two positions can be occupied by the regulating unit but the action occurs in steps rather than being continuous.
Step-by-step control
Advantages of electric motors
All of the above
Disadvantage/s of electric motors
Not adopted to mobile applications such as engines
Factor in selecting electric motor where electricity may be direct current (d.c.) or alternating (a.c.).It may be one of several voltages.
Type of electric power available
Part of a motor where it consists of a slotted core, made up of thin sections of a special soft steel, exercise pet squirrels
Rotor
Part of a motor where it consists of a slotted core also made of special laminated steel. Insulated copper wire is wound in the slots in such a way as to form one or more pairsof definite magnetic poles
Stator
A Types of motor where motor consists of a squirrel-cage rotor and a stator in which are found two different sets of windings
Split-phase
A Types of motor where motor has only one winding in the stator which acts as a running winding. It has a wound rotor instead of the squirrel-cage type and therefore has a commutator and brushes
Repulsion-start induction
A Types of motor where motor will operate on either direct or alternating current of the correct voltage.
Universal motors
A Types of motor where the direction of rotation of a is determined by the way the three line wires are connected to the motor. Interchanging the connections of any two line leads will cause the motor to rotate in the opposite direction, so reversing is a very simple process.
Three-phase motors
A Characteristics of a Good Electrical System where there are grounding, proper size of conductors and ratings of circuit breakers
Safe
A Characteristics of a Good Electrical System where the design is ready for future expansion
Expandable
A Characteristics of a Good Electrical System where the one that fulfills its needs at the least expense over the lifetime of the system
Efficient
Type of grounding where grounding is for current-carrying portions of the system
System Grounding
Type of grounding where it can be a grounding electrode or any conductive material connected directly or indirectly to earth
Equipment Grounding
Type of grounding where the main function is to prevent electric shock to persons or animals coming in contact with metallic objects, which themselves have come in contact with a hot conductor due to some electrical fault
Type of grounding where the main function is to prevent electric shock to persons or animals coming in contact with metallic objects, which themselves have come in contact with a hot conductor due to some electrical fault
It is used to create mechanical energy.
Engine
This creates the electrical output from the engine generated mechanical energy.
Alternator
A piece of portable equipment, consisting of an engine and an alternator/electric generator, used to provide energy.
Generator Set
A system used to generate electricity from a fuel source.
Power Station
The water stored in dams is released directly onto a turbine at the base of the dam wall.
Hydroelectric power station
It uses the sun energy to either boil water or directly converts solar energy to electrical energy
Solar Energy
Solid-state devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity
Photovoltaic Modules
It is made of semiconductor materials (e.g. silicon) and converts photon energy to electricity
Photovoltaic Cells
The process of adding atoms with different number of electrons to create an unbalanced number of electrons to the base material (silicon)
Doping
This creates an electric field that allows the unidirectional flow of electrons in the cell
PN Junction
The PV Systems Common Components
All of the above
The use of wind to turn a turbine that is connected to an electrical generator to generate electricity.
Wind Energy
Turbine Control where it continuously orients the rotor in the direction of the wind
Yaw Control
Turbine Control where when the wind speed exceeds the safe limit on the system, the blades are shifted into a position such that they stall. The turbine has to be restarted after the gust has gone
Stall Control
It uses a material called Uranium to produce electricity.
Nuclear power plant
It is the “National highway” of electricity delivery.
Transmission
If transmission is the national highway of the grid, ________ is the city street
distribution
the lines many people see in their neighborhoods – is approximately how many volts? (answer the number only)
13000
They operates and maintains metering facilities and provides technical services, particularly system studies, and operation and maintenance of customer facilities.
NGCP or National Grid Corporation of the Philippines
A typical household runs on _____ volts
220
