Structures and Functions in Living Organisms

Question 1

Organelles

Answer 1

Specialised subcellular structures found within living cell

Question 2

Cells

Answer 2

basic structural unit of a living organism

Question 3

Tissue

Answer 3

group of cells with similar structures, working to preform same function

Question 4

Organs

Answer 4

Group of tissues working together

Question 5

Organ System

Answer 5

group of organs with similar functions, working together to preform bodily functions

Question 6

Found in animal cells

Answer 6

nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
mitochondria
ribosome

Question 7

found in plant only

Answer 7

chloroplasts
permeant vacuole
cell wall

Question 8

name 3 specialised cells

Answer 8

nerve cell
sperm cell
egg cell
red blood cell

Question 9

Sperm cell

Answer 9

• Carry male’s DNA .
• long head and long tail to aid swimming
• many mitochondria (energy)
• Acrosome has digestive enzymes which breakdown outer membrane of egg

Question 10

Nerve cell

Answer 10

• axon is long (carry impulses)
• nerve endings contain mitochondria supply energy to neurotransmitters

Question 11

Root hair cell

Answer 11

• take up water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport
• large surface due to root hairs
• mitochondria

Question 12

Xylem cell

Answer 12

• take water up the plants roots to shoots

Question 13

Phloem

Answer 13

• carry photosynthesis to all parts of plants

Question 14

Adult stem cell

Answer 14

found in bone marrow they can form many types of cells

Question 14

Embryonic stem cell

Answer 14

form when egg and sperm form a zygote.
differentiate into any type of cell.
scientists can clone them

Question 15

Meristems in plants

Answer 15

found in roots and shoots.
differentiate into any type of plants.
used to make clones of the plants

Question 16

3 benefits that come from stem cells

Answer 16

• replace damage cells eg diabetes and paralysis caused by spinal cord
• bone marrow transplants treat blood cell cancers
• grow whole organs for transplants
• no rejection

Question 17

3 risks from stem cells

Answer 17

• ethical issues to destroying embryos
• no guarantees on long term effects
• mutations
  difficult to find suitable stem cell donors

Question 18

Carbohydrates are made of what?

Answer 18

made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. break down to simple sugars

Question 19

Proteins

Answer 19

made from carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulphur, nitrogen and phosphorous.
break down into amino acids

Question 20

Lipids

Answer 20

made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
break down into 3 fatty acids

Question 21

carbs break down into?

Answer 21

Simple sugars

Question 22

protein breaks down into?

Answer 22

Amino acids

Question 23

Lipids break down into?

Answer 23

3 fatty acids and glycerol

Question 24

Test for glucose

Answer 24

Benedict’s solution
turns brick red if glucose is present
stays blue if none

Question 25

Test for starch

Answer 25

Iodine solution
if starch is present turns blue-black
if not present remain brown

Question 26

Test for protien

Answer 26

Biuret solution
if protein present turns purple
if not present remain blue

Question 27

Test for fat

Answer 27

add ethanol to distilled water
if fats present milky white emulsion
if not present remain colourless

Question 28

What is a biological catalysts?

Answer 28

A substance that increases the rate of reaction

Question 29

Lock and key hypothesis

Answer 29

the shape of the substrate is complementary to the shape of the active sight, so they bond to form an enzyme-substrate complex. the reaction takes place and products are released from the surface of the enzyme

Question 30

Temperature effects on enzymes

Answer 30

optimum temp is 37 degrees.
rate of reaction increases with increases in temp.
if it becomes to hoy it will break and denatured the enzyme to no longer work.

Question 31

Effect pH has on enzymes

Answer 31

optimum pH for most enzymes is 7.
If pH is too high or too low, the forces that hold amino acid chains that make up proteins will be affected.
will denatured