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Geo 12 > Structures > Flashcards

Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Compression

A

Forces acting towards each other at the same time

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2
Q

Tension

A

Forces acting away from each other

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3
Q

Shear

A

Opposite acting forces acting parallel across a surface

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4
Q

Strain

A

-plastic brittle

Resulting not deformation of rock

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5
Q

Convergent

A

Compression

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6
Q

Tension

A

Divergent

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7
Q

Shear

A

Transform

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8
Q

Brittle

A

Near surface

Results in fractures and faults

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9
Q

Plastic

A

Great depth

Results in folds

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10
Q

Factors that affect deformation

A

Temp
Pressure
Strain rate
Rock type

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11
Q

What determines weather a rock will fold or fault

A

4 factors

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12
Q

Planar features

A

Anything that is sheet like.

Ex. Dikes, sills, lava flows, faults

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13
Q

Strike

A

Direction of layer as it intersects with horizontal surface

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14
Q

Dip

A

Acute angle between the Rick later and surface

-perp to strike

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15
Q

Joints

A

Cracks in rocks where there is no movement

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16
Q

Joints are

A

Planar features

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17
Q

If one Rock has joints in different directions these are called ….

A

Joint sets

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18
Q

If there is movement it is called

A

Faults

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19
Q

Hanging wall

A

Moves down

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20
Q

Normal fault

A

Hanging wall moves down

Football moves up

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21
Q

Graben

A

Wedge of land that moves down

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22
Q

Horst

A

Wedge moves up

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23
Q

Reverse fault

A

Hanging wall moves up
Football moves down
(Compression)

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24
Q

Thrust faults

A

Low angle reverse faults

25
Q

Strike slip faults

A

Motion of the fault blocks is parallel to the strike direction

26
Q

Axial plane

A

The plane of mirror symmetry dividing the folds

27
Q

Axis or hinge

A

Line formed by the intersection of the axial plane

28
Q

Horizontal fold

A

Fold where axis is horizontal

29
Q

Plunging fold

A

Fold where the axis is not horizontal

30
Q

Sync line

A

Upward bending

Younger in middle

31
Q

Anticline

A

Downward bending

Oldest in middle

32
Q

Asymmetrical folds

A

Beds in one limb dip more steeply than in other limb

33
Q

Plunging anticline

A

Always plunge in direction of structures closing

34
Q

Plunging sync line

A

Plunge in direction of structures opening

35
Q

Dome

A

Bc place

Oldest in middle

36
Q

Basin

A

Bowl

Youngest in middle

37
Q

Unconfirmity

A

No deposition, erosion and seperate strata from older

Gap in time record

38
Q

3 types of unconformaties

A

Disconfirmity
Angular conformity
Non conformity

39
Q

Disconformity

A 
Between parallel layers 
Most difficult to identify 
1) ocean leaves
2)erosion
3) ocean returns
4) deposition
40
Q

Angular unconformity

A

Erosion all surface on tilted or folded layers with younger flat layers on top

1) fold
2) erode
3) deposition
4) horizontal layer

41
Q

Nonconformity

A

Erosion surface between sedimentary and non sedimentary rock
Igneous intrusion but sed rocks younger

42
Q

Law of superposition

A

Older on bottom

Younger on top

43
Q

Law of horizontality

A

Sedimentary beds laid down horizontal

44
Q

Cross cutting

A

Any event that disturbs rock layer must be younger than the layer it diatrubs

45
Q

Stress

A
  • Compression, tension, shear

- force applied

46
Q

Thrust faults most likely occur at

A

Convergent

47
Q

What faulting occurs for tensional stresses

A

Normal

48
Q

Normal is due to

A

Tension

49
Q

Reverse is due to

A

Compression

50
Q

Hanging all moves _____ for normal and ______ for reverse

A

Down and up

51
Q

In a dome the middle is

A

Oldest

52
Q

In a basin the middle is

A

Youngest

53
Q

What type of plugins could have strike and dip

A

Joints, fractures, faults, sills, dike, lava

54
Q

In a reverse fault

A

Older rock may be pushed over younger rock

55
Q

Thrust faults would occur at boundaries that are

A

Convergent

56
Q

Elastic material is

A

One that returns to its original shape

57
Q

What would occur when compression occurs

A

Reverse fault

58
Q

Rock mountains got there by

A

Thrust faulting

59
Q

Vertical column like fracture shown in photo are

A

Joints by fraction

Geo 12 (6 decks)

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