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Structure of the Nervous System (Cranial Nerves) Flashcards

1
Q

Sulcus

A

Crevice/trench on brain surface

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2
Q

Gyrus

A

Ridge on brain surface

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3
Q

Foramina

A

Hole to allow structures to pass through

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4
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Lines the ventricle system in the brain and produces CSF

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5
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Longitudinal crescent-shaped fold of meningeal layer of dura mater between the cerebral hemispheres

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6
Q

Ventricle

A

System filled with CSF in the brain

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7
Q

Sinus

A

Sac/cavity in organ or tissue e.g. frontal sinus, cavity containing air

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8
Q

Sella Turcica

A

Saddle shaped depression (Turkish saddle) in sphenoid bone, housing pituitary gland

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9
Q

Cerebrum

A

“Brain” upper most region of nervous system, containing white and grey matter

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10
Q

Cerebellum

A

Little brain situated at the back of the brain

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11
Q

Meninges

A

“Membrane” layers covering the brain consisting of the dura, arachnoid and pia layers

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12
Q

Bones of the skull

A

22 bones

  • 8 forms the cranium: temporal, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxilla
  • 14 form the face
    • > Orbit is formed from a lot of bones
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13
Q

What joins bones together?

A

Sutures e.g. coronal and sagittal suture

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14
Q

Transverse

A

Slicing in half across

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15
Q

Sagittal

A

Down the middle

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16
Q

Coronal

A

Side slice

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17
Q

Where is the coronal suture?

A

Joining the pariental and frontal bone

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18
Q

Where is the sagittal suture?

A

Suture that is at the top of the skull joining the parietal bones together superiorly

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19
Q

What type of joint is a suture?

A

A syndesmosis joint - fibrous

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20
Q

What happens if sutures do not close in babies?

A

There are developmentally cases where this happens and the sutures do not fuse. This can cause brain damage

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21
Q

Five layers of the scalp

A 
Skin
Connective tissue 
Aponeurosis 
Loose connective tissue 
Pericranium
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22
Q

Where is the scalp?

A

Outer aspect of anything from the meninges to the bone

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23
Q

Inner aspect of the meningeal layers

A

The dura mater
The arachnoid mater
The pia mater

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24
Q

What is between the two hemispheres of the brain?

A

The thick dura mater

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25
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

The crescent-shaped fold of meningeal layer of dua mater that descends vertically in the longitudinal fissue between the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain

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26
Q

Where does the falx cerebelli attach?

A

It attaches directly to the frontal/nasal bones and keeps the brain intact

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27
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Separates the main brain from the cerebellum; forms a tent shape at the back

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28
Q

What happens when people hit the back of their heads?

A

They complain of temporary or complete blindness

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29
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebral hemisphere

30
Q

Diencephalon

A

Two folds: posterior portion of the frontal brain - containing thalamus and hypothalamus

31
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Highway of the brain
Where the inferior sagittal sinus lies on top of
Contains the cerebral-spinal fluid

32
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain - superior

33
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons and cerebellum

34
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla Oblongata - most inferior

35
Q

Importance of the thalamus and hypothalamus

A

Connection between the pituitry gland the negative feedback centre

36
Q

Where do the cranial nerves originate?

A

The anterior portion of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

37
Q

What does the cerebellum contain?

A

The motor cortex and sensory cortex

38
Q

Function of the frontal lobe

A

Thought-processing

39
Q

Weiner’s area

A

Auditory area

40
Q

Broca’s area

A

Controls speech production, important for patients who have had a stroke

41
Q

Motor area

A

For movement

Resides in both hemispheres

42
Q

Sensory area

A

Can be stimulated to map

The larger the gyrae, the indication of where it is

43
Q

Where do the meninges reside?

A

Reside around the brain and continue down the spinal cord

44
Q

Sinuses in the brain

A
  • Superior sagittal sinus
  • Inferior sagittal sinus
  • Right and Left Transverse sinus
  • Sigmoid sinus
45
Q

What is the blood-brain barrier?

A

The blood supply through the split of the dura layer into the sinus.
Specialised interface between circulating blood and the CNS.

46
Q

Which drug acts at the BBB?

A

paracetamol

47
Q

What are the arachnoid granulations?

A

Connection between the CSF and the venous sinus

48
Q

Where do the arachnoid granulations reside?

A

In the arachnoid space

49
Q

Function of the BBB

A

Protect the CNS by allowing only certain types of molecules to pass protecting the CNS from toxins

50
Q

What is bacterial meningitis?

A

Bacteria causes inflammation of the meninges. The cell structures in the BBB are inflammed allowing openings and more molecules can get through

51
Q

Drainage of the brain

A
  • Superior sagittal sinus drains straight into the sigmoid sinus then into the internal jugular vein
  • Inferior sagittal sinus drains into a straight sinus then the sigmoid sinus then the internal jugular vein
52
Q

Where is the sigmoid sinus located?

A

By the mastoid bone

53
Q

What do the arachnoid granulations pierce into?

A

The dura mater

54
Q

Where do the arachnoid granulations exist?

A

Only exist in the brain

55
Q

What is the function of the arachnoid space?

A

Where all of the CSF is being passed through

56
Q

Where do lumbar punctures occur?

A

At the top part of the iliac crest, the safe zone is at the back. This safe zone is at L1 - L2 and becomes the cordray equina.

57
Q

What is different about the cordray equina?

A

The pia mater has dissipated along the nerves by this point

58
Q

What is the importance of the ventricles?

A

To fight infection as they contain the CSF

59
Q

Lateral ventricles

A

Two which span from the frontal to the occipital

Swipe the whole of the midbrain

60
Q

What connects the lateral ventricles?

A

The third ventricle
Sits towards the medulla
In the middle of the thalamus

61
Q

What is the fourth ventricle?

A

The last ventricle that sits towards the cerebellum

62
Q

Why are arachnoid granulations important?

A

To allow for a larger surface area for the exchange of molecules and blood

63
Q

Composition of the brain stem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

64
Q

Cranial Nerves

A
  1. Olfactory
  2. Optic
  3. Oculomotor
  4. Trochlear
  5. Trigeminal
  6. Abducens
  7. Facial
  8. Vestibuloacoustic
  9. Glossopharyngeal
  10. Vagus
  11. Accessory
  12. Hypoglossal
65
Q

How to remember the cranial nerves?

A

On, On, On, They Travelled And Found Voldermort Guarding Very Ancient Horcruxes

66
Q

Nerves to remember

A

Olfactory (CN1), Optic (CN2) and Vagus (CN10)

67
Q

What is the function of the vagus nerve?

A

Longest nerve in the body, controls hunger, satiety

68
Q

Facial nerve

A

Movement, passes through one of the smallest foramen in the skull

69
Q

Olfactory bulbs

A

Hungry and start to increase sense of smell

70
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Arteries that supply the face and brain containing the internal carotid arteries

Neuro (20 decks)

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