Structure Of The nervous System

Question 0

What does the blood brain barrier do?

Answer 0

Creates extracellular environment that is different than the rest of the body, it’s tight junctions produce a sort of immpermeability

Question 1

Parts of the Cns

Answer 1

Brain, brainstorm and spinal cord

Question 2

Parts of the brain (three main components)

Answer 2

Forebrain, brainstem and cerebellum

Question 3

Forebrain parts (and functions)

Answer 3

Cerebrum - main portion of the brain

Dienecephalon- thalamus and hypothalamus… Important for autonomic regulation

Question 4

Brainstem parts and function

Answer 4

Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata 
Rudimentary functions (respiratory and cardiovascular)

Question 5

Cerebellum function

Answer 5

Motor functioning..

Question 6

Thalamus function

Answer 6

Relay center regulates input into the cerebral cortex

For arousal and focused attention

Question 7

Hypothalamus function

Answer 7

Command center for the autonomic nervous and endocrine system
Does 
Hormone secretion
Autonomic effects 
Thermo regulation
Food and water intake
Sleep and cicadian rythmns 
Memory
And emotional behavior

Question 8

Spinal cord function

Answer 8

To transfer messages to and from your peripheral nervous system

Question 9

Name the two different roots of the spinal cord and there direction

Answer 9

Dorsal root - to the brain

Ventral root - to the body

Question 10

Why is grey matter grey?

Answer 10

Because there are more neurons that are not myelinated than are myelinated

Question 11

White matter function

Answer 11

Brings information in and out of the spinal cord.. It includes the meninges has the myelinated axons..

Question 12

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there!

Answer 12

31

Question 13

What are ganglions?

Answer 13

Locations where you have lots of synapses

Question 14

4 regions if nerves in the spinal cord.

Answer 14

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

Question 15

What is the subachnoid space?

Answer 15

The space between the skull and brain tissue

Question 16

What are the meninges?

Answer 16

Line the subachnoid space with cerebral spinal fluid

Question 17

What does csf do?

Answer 17

Circulates, cushions and protects the fragile tissue of the brain and spinal cord

Question 18

What are the three layers of the meninges?

Answer 18

Pia matter (closest to the brain) 
Archnoid mater (middle layer)
Duramater (outer layer and toughest)

Question 19

What is the function of the Blood supply to the brain? How much blood goes to the brain? Will it ever reduce?

Answer 19

Decreased flow will lead to cell death.. Although it is a small organ it needs a certain amount of blood.. It is never reduced

Question 20

What are paracrine agents and autocrine agents?

Answer 20

Paracrines- act locally

Autocrines- act on the cell

Question 21

Define lipophilic

Answer 21

Substances pass through endothelial cell membranes ensures that brain ecf is very distinct from blood

Question 22

Name the components of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 22

Two main sections afferent and efferent (efferent is separated into somatic and autonomic)

Question 23

What are the two subsections of the efferent pns

Answer 23

Somatic and autonomic

Question 24

What is the function of the afferent portion of the pns?

Answer 24

Send information from periphery to the central nervous system

Question 25

Name 2 examples of reception fields for the afferent pns

Answer 25

Light touch, pain and deep pressure

Question 26

Where does autonomic information come out of (ventral or dorsal)

Answer 26

Ventral horn

Question 27

What is the neuromuscular junction

Answer 27

The junction between the neuron and muscle

Question 28

Which neurotransmitter is used most in the presynaptic synapse/ ganglion?

Answer 28

Acetylcholine (with Nicotinic receptors)

Question 29

What does the diencephalon do?

Answer 29

Linked to many physiological processes

Question 30

What's a major difference between the autonomic and somatic ns

Answer 30

Two neurons vs just one and somatic is voluntary autonomic is involuntary... Somatic has just one target organ (skeletal muscle) while autonomic has many target organs (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, endocrine glands)

Question 31

What is similar between autonomic ns and somatic ns

Answer 31

They both come out of the central horn, they both have the neurotransmitter ach in their system.

Question 32

What kind of receptors are Nicotinic receptors

Answer 32

Epsps

Question 33

What is a motor unit?

Answer 33

Motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates

Question 34

True or false | The autonomic nervous system leads to only epsps

Answer 34

False, autonomic ns can be either excitatory or inhibitory

Question 35

In the autonomic ns which neuron (post or pre) is myelinated?

Answer 35

Preganglionic

Question 36

Parasympathetic information comes from where on the spinal column?

Answer 36

Brain stem and sacral region..

Question 37

Sympathetic ns information comes from the sacral and brain stem region true or false?

Answer 37

False it comes from the thoracic lumbar region

Question 38

Which autonomic ns has a shorter preganglionic neuron?

Answer 38

Sympathetic

Question 39

Why would the sympathetic ns use the alternate pathway of the adrenal medulla?

Answer 39

The effects last longer and they are more wide spread through out the body..

Question 40

Which neurotransmitter does alpha 1&2 receptors have a greater affinity for?

Answer 40

Norepinephrine

Question 41

What's so special about the vagus nerve?

Answer 41

Part of the psns system, involved in cardio respiratory regulation an liver and lung function if blood pressure gets to high you get vagal outflow

Question 42

Describe autonomic tone

Answer 42

It is the balance during rest between sympathetic innervation and parasympathetic inervation that keeps us alive and moving

Question 43

What is the purpose of dual innervation?

Answer 43

For the most part it is so a system or organ can be stimulated by the psns and the sns For example heart rate, and eye dilation

Question 44

Can dual innervation have cooperative functions

Answer 44

Yes for example during an erection psns is working and during ejactulation sns is working.. Therefore they are working towards a common goal..