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Exercise physiology > Structure Of The nervous System > Flashcards

Structure Of The nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

What does the blood brain barrier do?

A

Creates extracellular environment that is different than the rest of the body, it’s tight junctions produce a sort of immpermeability

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1
Q

Parts of the Cns

A

Brain, brainstorm and spinal cord

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2
Q

Parts of the brain (three main components)

A

Forebrain, brainstem and cerebellum

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3
Q

Forebrain parts (and functions)

A

Cerebrum - main portion of the brain

Dienecephalon- thalamus and hypothalamus… Important for autonomic regulation

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4
Q

Brainstem parts and function

A 
Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata 
Rudimentary functions (respiratory and cardiovascular)
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5
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Motor functioning..

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6
Q

Thalamus function

A

Relay center regulates input into the cerebral cortex

For arousal and focused attention

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7
Q

Hypothalamus function

A 
Command center for the autonomic nervous and endocrine system
Does 
Hormone secretion
Autonomic effects 
Thermo regulation
Food and water intake
Sleep and cicadian rythmns 
Memory
And emotional behavior
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8
Q

Spinal cord function

A

To transfer messages to and from your peripheral nervous system

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9
Q

Name the two different roots of the spinal cord and there direction

A

Dorsal root - to the brain

Ventral root - to the body

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10
Q

Why is grey matter grey?

A

Because there are more neurons that are not myelinated than are myelinated

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11
Q

White matter function

A

Brings information in and out of the spinal cord.. It includes the meninges has the myelinated axons..

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12
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there!

A

31

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13
Q

What are ganglions?

A

Locations where you have lots of synapses

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14
Q

4 regions if nerves in the spinal cord.

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

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15
Q

What is the subachnoid space?

A

The space between the skull and brain tissue

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16
Q

What are the meninges?

A

Line the subachnoid space with cerebral spinal fluid

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17
Q

What does csf do?

A

Circulates, cushions and protects the fragile tissue of the brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges?

A 
Pia matter (closest to the brain) 
Archnoid mater (middle layer)
Duramater (outer layer and toughest)
19
Q

What is the function of the Blood supply to the brain? How much blood goes to the brain? Will it ever reduce?

A

Decreased flow will lead to cell death.. Although it is a small organ it needs a certain amount of blood.. It is never reduced

20
Q

What are paracrine agents and autocrine agents?

A

Paracrines- act locally

Autocrines- act on the cell

21
Q

Define lipophilic

A

Substances pass through endothelial cell membranes ensures that brain ecf is very distinct from blood

22
Q

Name the components of the peripheral nervous system

A

Two main sections afferent and efferent (efferent is separated into somatic and autonomic)

23
Q

What are the two subsections of the efferent pns

A

Somatic and autonomic

24
Q

What is the function of the afferent portion of the pns?

A

Send information from periphery to the central nervous system

25
Q

Name 2 examples of reception fields for the afferent pns

A

Light touch, pain and deep pressure

26
Q

Where does autonomic information come out of (ventral or dorsal)

A

Ventral horn

27
Q

What is the neuromuscular junction

A

The junction between the neuron and muscle

28
Q

Which neurotransmitter is used most in the presynaptic synapse/ ganglion?

A

Acetylcholine (with Nicotinic receptors)

29
Q

What does the diencephalon do?

A

Linked to many physiological processes

30
Q

What’s a major difference between the autonomic and somatic ns

A

Two neurons vs just one and somatic is voluntary autonomic is involuntary… Somatic has just one target organ (skeletal muscle) while autonomic has many target organs (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, endocrine glands)

31
Q

What is similar between autonomic ns and somatic ns

A

They both come out of the central horn, they both have the neurotransmitter ach in their system.

32
Q

What kind of receptors are Nicotinic receptors

A

Epsps

33
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

Motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates

34
Q

True or false

The autonomic nervous system leads to only epsps

A

False, autonomic ns can be either excitatory or inhibitory

35
Q

In the autonomic ns which neuron (post or pre) is myelinated?

A

Preganglionic

36
Q

Parasympathetic information comes from where on the spinal column?

A

Brain stem and sacral region..

37
Q

Sympathetic ns information comes from the sacral and brain stem region true or false?

A

False it comes from the thoracic lumbar region

38
Q

Which autonomic ns has a shorter preganglionic neuron?

A

Sympathetic

39
Q

Why would the sympathetic ns use the alternate pathway of the adrenal medulla?

A

The effects last longer and they are more wide spread through out the body..

40
Q

Which neurotransmitter does alpha 1&2 receptors have a greater affinity for?

A

Norepinephrine

41
Q

What’s so special about the vagus nerve?

A

Part of the psns system, involved in cardio respiratory regulation an liver and lung function if blood pressure gets to high you get vagal outflow

42
Q

Describe autonomic tone

A

It is the balance during rest between sympathetic innervation and parasympathetic inervation that keeps us alive and moving

43
Q

What is the purpose of dual innervation?

A

For the most part it is so a system or organ can be stimulated by the psns and the sns
For example heart rate, and eye dilation

44
Q

Can dual innervation have cooperative functions

A

Yes for example during an erection psns is working and during ejactulation sns is working.. Therefore they are working towards a common goal..

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