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Human Biology- Unit 2 Physiology and Health > Structure Of The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Structure Of The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

How does the blood circulate?

A

From the heart through the arteries to the capillaries to the veins and back to the heart

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2
Q

What happens as blood moves away from the heart?

A

There is a drop in blood pressure

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3
Q

What is the endothelium lining the central lumen of blood vessels surrounded by?

A

Layers of tissue

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4
Q

Arteries carry blood______________

A

Away from the heart

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5
Q

What do arteries have an outer layer of ?

A

Connective tissue containing elastic fibres

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6
Q

What does the middle layer of arteries contain?

A

Smooth muscle with more elastic fibres

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7
Q

What do the elastic walls of the arteries do after each contraction of the heart?

A

Stretch and recoil to accommodate the surge of blood

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8
Q

What does contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles (small arteries) cause?

A

Vasoconstriction or vasodilation to control blood flow

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9
Q

What happens to arterioles leading to working muscles during strenuous exercise ?

A

They vasodilate which increases blood flow

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10
Q

What happens to arterioles leading to abdominal organs during strenuous exercise?

A

They vasocontract which reduces blood flow

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11
Q

How is blood transported from arterioles to venules (small veins) ?

A

It is passed through a dense network of capillaries

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12
Q

What do capillaries allow?

A

The exchange of substances with tissues

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13
Q

Size of capillaries?

A

One cell thick, so allows quick and efficient exchange of materials

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14
Q

Veins carry blood___________

A

Towards the heart

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15
Q

What do veins have an outer layer of ?

A

Connective tissue containing elastic fibres

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16
Q

Veins have a much thinner ____________ than arteries

A

Muscular wall

17
Q

Blood flows along veins at a ___________ pressure that arteries

A

Lower

18
Q

The ________ of a vein is wider than that of an artery

A

Lumen

19
Q

What are present in veins to prevent the back flow of blood ?

A

Valves

20
Q

What supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle ?

A

Coronary arteries

21
Q

What supplies oxygenated blood to the brain?

A

Carotid artery

22
Q

What supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys ?

A

Renal artery

23
Q

What supplies oxygenated blood to the liver?

A

Hepatic artery

24
Q

What vein carries deoxygenated blood from the brain to the heart?

A

Jugular vein

25
Q

What vein carries deoxygenated blood from the liver to the heart?

A

Hepatic vein

26
Q

What vein carries blood from the gut to the liver ?

A

Hepatic portal vein

27
Q

What vein carries deoxygenated blood from the kidney to the heart ?

A

Renal vein

28
Q

How is blood carries to the tissues ?

A

In thick walled arteries

29
Q

What happens when thick walled arteries enter an organ ?

A

They divide into many arterioles which agin divide into capillaries

30
Q

What does blood pressure force out of the capillaries into the tissue fluid and what does it leave behind ?

A

Forces out plasma , with small soluble molecules

Leaves behind the blood cells with large plasma protein molecules

31
Q

What do the cells exchange by diffusion down concentration gradients ?

A

Molecules with the tissue fluid

32
Q

What useful molecules diffuse into cells?

A

Food and oxygen

33
Q

What diffuses out of cells?

A

Carbon dioxide and waste

34
Q

At the venule end of the capillary Bed what enters the capillaries by osmosis and what causes a water concentration gradient?

A

Tissue fluid

Blood cells and plasma proteins

35
Q

What do capillaries merge together to form in order to carry blood back to the heart ?

A

Venules which again merge to form veins

36
Q

On balance blood pressure forces more ______ out of the capillaries than diffuses back by _______

A

Water

Osmosis

37
Q

Where is excess tissue fluid collected?

A

In lymph vessels which have thin walls and valves f

38
Q

How is lymph returned to the blood then the heart?

A

By skeletal muscles squeezing it past the next valve

Human Biology- Unit 2 Physiology and Health (7 decks)

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