Reproductive Organs And Hormonal Control

Question 1

Where are male and female gametes produced?

Answer 1

• Male gametes are produced in the testes.
• Female gametes are produced in the ovaries.
• Gametes are produced from germline cells

Question 2

Where is sperm produced?

Answer 2

• Seminiferous tubules

Question 3

What hormone is produced in the testes?

Answer 3

•Testosterone

Question 4

Where in the testes is the hormone produced?

Answer 4

• Interstitial cells

Question 5

What do the prostate gland and seminal vesicles do?

Answer 5

• They secrete fluids that maintain the mobility and viability of the sperm

Question 6

What do the ovaries contain?

Answer 6

• Immature ova in various stages of development

Question 7

What is surrounded by a follicle?

Answer 7

• Each ovum

Question 8

What does the follicle do?

Answer 8

• protects the developing ovum and secretes hormones

Question 9

What happens to mature ova?

Answer 9

• mature ova are released into the oviduct where they may be fertilised by sperm to form a zygote.

Question 10

Where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 10

• oviduct

Question 11

What do hormones control?

Answer 11

• onset of puberty
• sperm production
• the menstrual cycle

Question 12

At puberty what does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 12

• secretes a releaser hormone that targets the pituitary gland

Question 13

What is the pituitary gland stimulated to do?

Answer 13

To release:
• follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)
• luteinising hormone(LH) in women
• interstitial fell stimulating hormone(ICSH) in men

Question 14

What does FSH do?

Answer 14

• promotes sperm production

Question 15

What does ICSH do?

Answer 15

• stimulates the production of testosterone

Question 16

What does testosterone do?

Answer 16

• stimulates sperm production

* activates prostate gland and seminal vesicles

Question 17

What happens if FSH and ICSH exert negative feedback control on the pituitary gland?

Answer 17

• decreases the level of testosterone produced by the interstitial cells

Question 18

How long does the menstrual cycle last ?

Answer 18

• approximately 28 days

* the first day of menstruation is regarded as day one of the cycle

Question 19

What is the first half of the cycle called?

Answer 19

• follicular phase

Question 20

What happens in the follicular phase?

Answer 20

• FSH stimulates the development of a follicle and the production of oestrogen by the follicle

Question 21

What does oestrogen stimulate?

Answer 21

• profileration of the endometrium

Question 22

What does profileration of the endometrium do?

Answer 22

• prepare it for implantation
• affects the consistency of cervical mucus
Making it more easily penetrated by sperm

Question 23

What do peak levels of oestrogen stimulate?

Answer 23

• a surge in the secretion of LH which triggers ovulation

Question 24

What is the second half of the menstrual cycle called?

Answer 24

• luteal phase

Question 25

What happens in the luteal phase?

Answer 25

• the follicle develops into a corpus luteum

* secretes progesterone

Question 26

What does progesterone promote?

Answer 26

• further development and vascularisation of the endometrium

Question 27

What does further development and vascularisation of the endometrium do?

Answer 27

• prepares it to receive a blastocyst if fertilisation occurs

Question 28

What effect do high levels of oestrogen and progesterone have?

Answer 28

• an inhibitory effect on pituitary gland decreasing levels of FSH and LH which prevents further follicles from developing
• this is an example of negative feedback

Question 29

What happens if there is a lack of LH ?

Answer 29

• leads to degeneration of corpus luteum

Question 30

What happens if there is a subsequent drop in progesterone levels?

Answer 30

• leads to menstruation