Structure of the Body

Question 1

cells

Answer 1

the basic unit of all living things

Question 2

cell membrane

Answer 2

forms the boundary of the cell

Question 3

cytoplasm

Answer 3

makes up the body of the cell

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

the small, round structure in the center of the cell

Question 5

chromosomes

Answer 5

located in the nucleus, they contain genes that determine hereditary characteristics

Question 6

muscle tissue

Answer 6

produces movement

Question 7

nerve tissue

Answer 7

conducts impulses to and from the brain

Question 8

connective tissue

Answer 8

connects and supports various body structures

Question 9

adipose tissue

Answer 9

fat, connective tissue

Question 10

osseous tissue

Answer 10

bone, connective tissue

Question 11

epithelial tissue

Answer 11

found in the skin, lining of the blood vessels, respiratory, intestinal, urinary tracts, and other body sustems

Question 12

organs

Answer 12

made up of two or more types of tissue and performs a certain body function

Question 13

chromosome

Answer 13

linear strand made of DNA carrying genetic information

Question 14

cytology

Answer 14

study of cells including the formation, structure, and function of cells

Question 15

RNA

Answer 15

ribonucleic acid- contained within the nucleus, is transcribed from DNA by enzymes and plays a critical role in protein synthesis

Question 16

gene

Answer 16

specific segment of base pairs in chromosomes; functional unit of heredity

Question 17

mitosis

Answer 17

cells divide and multiply to form two cells

Question 18

What does the dorsal cavity include?

Answer 18

cranial and spinal cavity

Question 19

What does the ventral cavity include?

Answer 19

thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavities

Question 20

cranial cavity

Answer 20

the space inside the skull containing the brain

Question 21

spinal cavity

Answer 21

also called the vertebral canal- the space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord

Question 22

abdominal cavity

Answer 22

the space containing the lower portion of the esophagus, the stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters

Question 23

thoracic cavity

Answer 23

the space containing the heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, bronchi, and thymus

Question 24

pelvic cavity

Answer 24

the space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organx, part of the large intestine, and the rectum

Question 25

mucous membranes

Answer 25

• line the walls of organs and tubes opening to the outside of the body (digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive)
• lined with epithelium and are involved in absorption and secretion
• composed with epithelium overlaying a later of lamina propria
• not every mucous membrane secretes mucus

Question 26

serous membranes

Answer 26

• line cavities, including the thoracic cavity and internal organs
• consist of a layer of simple squamous epithelium overlaying a layer of loose connective tissue
• supports internal organs and compartmentalizes large cavities to hinder the spread of infection
• named according to their organ associations
• pleura, pericardium, peritoneum

Question 27

synovial membranes

Answer 27

• line joint cavities
• composed of connective tissue
• secrete synovial fluid (lubricates the ends of bones so they can move freely)

Question 28

meninges

Answer 28

• composed of three connective tissue membranes found within the dorsal cavity
• serve as a protective covering of the brain and spinal cord
• dura mater (outer layer), arachnoid mater (middle layer), and pia mater (inside layer)

Question 29

cutaneous membrane

Answer 29

forms the outer covering of the body (skin)

Question 30

4 types of connective tissue

Answer 30

connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone
blood