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Medical Terminology > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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2
Q

burs/o

A

bursa, sac of fluid near joint

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3
Q

chrondr/o

A

cartilage

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4
Q

erg/o

A

work

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5
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

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6
Q

kin/o, kinesi/o

A

movement

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7
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

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8
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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9
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow, spinal cord

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10
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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11
Q

synov/i

A

synovial fluid, joint, or membrane

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12
Q

ten/o, tendin/o

A

tendon

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13
Q

ton/o

A

tone, pressure

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14
Q

What are the functions of bones?

A
  • form the skeleton
  • provide the chief means of support for the body
  • provide the mechanism for motion
  • protect vital organs
  • serve as a production factory for blood cells
  • store calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium salts
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15
Q

What are the shapes of bones?

A
  • long
  • tubular
  • short
  • sesamoid
  • cuboidal
  • flat
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16
Q

long bones

A

longer that they are wide and found in the limbs (like the femur and humerus)

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17
Q

tubular bones

A

long bones

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18
Q

short bones

A

roughly cube shaped bones like carpal and tarsal bones

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19
Q

sesamoid bones

A
  • short bone shaped like a sesame seed formed within the tendons
  • cartilaginous in early life and osseous in the adult
  • largest sesamoid bone in humans is the patella
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20
Q

cuboidal bones

A

short bones

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21
Q

flat bones

A
  • consist of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone
  • flat cross section, not rounded
  • skull and ribs are examples
  • have marrow but no marrow cavity
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22
Q

irregular bones

A

bones that don’t fit above, like the mandible and vertebrae

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23
Q

cartilage

A

a type of flexible connective tissue with no blood vessels

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24
Q

types of joints

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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25
Q

synovial joints

A
  • the most common type of joint
  • articular cartilage that covers the bone ends
  • joint cavity lined with a synovial membrane, which secretes a thick, viscid, slippery mucous that cushions the joint and allow smooth motion
  • joint capsule of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and provides stability of the joint
  • accessory ligaments that give reinforcement
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26
Q

axial skeleton

A 
skull
hyoid
ribs
sternum
vertebrae
sacrum
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27
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

shoulder girdle
pelvic girdle
extremeties

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28
Q

closed fracture

A

does not involve a break in the skin

29
Q

compound fracture

A

projects through the skin with a possibility of infection

30
Q

comminuted fracture

A

more than two separate bone components (fragments)

31
Q

transverse fraction

A

breaks shaft of a bone across the longitudinal axis

32
Q

greenstick fracture

A
  • only one side of the shaft is broken and the other is bent
  • common in children
33
Q

spiral fracture

A

spread along the length of a bone and produced by twisting stress

34
Q

colles’ fracture

A

occurs in wrist and affects the distal radius bone

35
Q

compression fracture

A

vertebrae collapse due to trauma, tumor, or osteoperosis

36
Q

epiphyseal fracture

A

occurs when matrix is calcifying and chondrocytes are dying; usually seen in children

37
Q

skeletal muscle

A
  • also called striated muscle
  • attached to the skeleton by tendons
  • contraction of skeletal muscle is under voluntary control
38
Q

cardiac muscle

A
  • also called heart muscle
  • contains interlocking involuntary striated muscle as well as smooth muscle
  • allows the electrical impulses to pass quickly across the muscle fibers
39
Q

smooth muscle

A
  • found in the walls of all the hollow organs of the body (except the heart)
  • contraction reduces the size of he structures
  • movement is generally considered involuntary
40
Q

ankylosis

A

condition of stiffening of a joint

41
Q

arthralgia

A

pain in a joint

42
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint

43
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical fixation of a joint

44
Q

arthropathy

A

joint disease

45
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa

46
Q

carpal

A

pertaining to the wrist bones

47
Q

chondral

A

pertaining to cartilage

48
Q

chondralgia

A

pain around and in the cartilage

49
Q

coccygeal

A

pertaining to the coccyx

50
Q

connective

A

tissue connecting or binding together

51
Q

dactylic

A

pertaining to a finger or toe

52
Q

femoral

A

pertaining to the femur (thigh bone)

53
Q

iliac

A

pertaining to the ilium

54
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback)

55
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal anterior curvature of spine, usually lumbar (swayback or hollow back)

56
Q

metacarpal

A

long bones of the hand that form the skeletal structure of the palm

57
Q

osteoblast

A

bone-forming cell

58
Q

osteocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of the bone

59
Q

osteochondritis

A

inflammation of bone and cartilage

60
Q

osteopenia

A

lower than average bone density; can be a precursor to osteoporosis

61
Q

osteoporosis

A

condition resulting in reduction of bone mass

62
Q

osteorrhaphy

A

suture of bone

63
Q

patellar

A

pertaining to the patella

64
Q

phalangeal

A

bones of the fingers and toes

65
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine

66
Q

sternotomy

A

surgical incision of the sternum

67
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of the tendon

68
Q

What CPT code series pertains to the musculoskeletal system?

A

20,000 series

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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