Structure of proteins - 3.6 - (1) Flashcards
Page 59 & 60
What are peptides?
polymers which are made up of amino acid molecules
What do proteins consist of?
one or more polypeptides arranged as complex macromolecules
What do proteins have?
specific biological functions
What do all proteins contain?
the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
What do all amino acids have?
the same basic structure
What do different R-groups result in?
different amino acids
How many amino acids are commonly found in cells?
20
Why are five of these amino acids non-essential?
as our bodies are able to make them from other amino acids
How many amino acids are essential and how can they be obtained?
9 and they can be obtained from what we eat
Why are 6 amino acids conditionally essential?
as they are only needed by infants and growing children
When do amino acids join?
when the amino and carboxylic acid groups connected to the central carbon atoms react
Are the R-groups involved when the amino acids join or not?
they are not involved
What does the hydroxyl in the carboxylic acid group of one amino acid react with?
a hydrogen in the amino acid of another amino acid
When is a peptide bond formed?
between the amino acids and water is produced
What is the resulting compound?
a dipeptide
How is a polypeptide formed?
when many amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds
What is the reaction catalysed by?
the enzyme pepidyl transferase present in ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis
What groups are able to interact with eachother, forming different types of bonds?
the different R-groups of the amino acids making up a protein
What do these bonds lead to?
the long chains of amino acids (polypeptides) folding into complex structures (proteins)
What does the presence of different sequences of amino acids lead to?
different structures with different shapes being produced
