Carbohydrates - 3.3 (1) Flashcards
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What are carbohydrates?
molecules that only contain the elements - carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What does carbohydrate mean?
it means ‘hydrated carbon’ so (carbon and water)
What do the elements in carbohydrates appear in the ratio of?
Cx(H20)y
What is the ratio for the elements in carbohydrates known as?
the general formula of carbohydrates
What are carbohydrates also known as?
saccharides or sugars
What is a single sugar unit known as?
monosaccharide
What are examples of monosaccharides?
glucose, fructose, and ribose
When two monosaccharides link together, what do they form?
a disaccharide
What are two examples of disaccharides?
lactose and sucrose
When two or more monosaccharides are linked together, what kind of polymer do they form?
polysaccharide
What are some examples of polysaccharides?
glycogen, cellulose, and starch
What does glucose work as?
the building blocks, or monomers, of some biologically important large carbohydrates
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
What is glucose?
it is a monosaccharide composed of six carbons, and so, it is therefore a hexose monosaccharide (hexose sugar)
In molecular structure diagrams, how are the carbons numbered?
clockwise, beginning with the carbon to the right of the oxygen atom within the ring
