Structure Of Practise For Learning Flashcards
What is whole learning?
The skill is not broken down into subroutines; it is taught in 1 movement e.g golf swing
What are the advantages of whole learning?
•insight into whole skill/overview
•kinaesthetic feel of the skill
•skill retains fluency and timing
•takes less time to teach the skill
•transfer from practise to game is easier
•the skill is more meaningful to the performer
•it allows coordination of important spacial(movement) and temporal(thinking) components
What are the disadvantages of whole learning?
•inappropriate if skill is dangerous
•can affect the confidence of performer
•produces little early success
When is whole learning best used?
•if skill is: simple, high organisation, ballistic, discrete, internally-paced, closed
•if performers are autonomous
What is progressive part learning? Name example of skill it would be good for
Skill is broken down into subroutines and then taught in a logical order I.e 1st part, 2nd part, then 1st and 2nd part together etc e.g triple jump, short corner
What are the advantages of progressive part learning?
1) sense of continuity is maintained
2) performer has an idea of how the skill is put together
3)the area between each subroutine is taught
4) it helps with transfer into the whole skill
5)allows for coordination of spatial and temporal components
What are the disadvantages of progressive part learning?
1)transfer from practise to game is ineffective
2)highly organised skills are difficult to break down
3)loss of awareness of end product
4)loss of continuity
5)loss of kinaesthetic feel
6)timely
When is progressive part learning best used?
•if skill is: complex, serial
•if performer is lacking in attention and motivation
What is whole-part-whole learning?
Name example of skill it would good for
Skill is taught as a whole, then any points causing difficulty are removed and taught separately, once mastered they the practise as a whole again e.g tennis save
What are the advantages of whole-part-whole learning?
•insight into whole skill first
•retains fluency and timing
•allows coordination of important spatial and temporal components
•skill is more meaningful to performer
•only part causing difficulty is dealt with
What are the disadvantages of whole-part-whole learning?
•ineffective if skill is dangerous
•can affect confidence
•produces little early success
When is whole-part-whole learning best used?
•if skill is: serial, complex, low organisation
•if performer is: having difficulty with certain part of skill
What is massed practise? Name example of drill
Groups works continuously at an activity without any breaks until it is mastered/ time runs out e.g 2 people passing back and forth for 20 minutes without stopping
What is distributed practise? Name example of drill
Work is split into several shorter periods w/ intervals in between used for rehydration, feedback, setting up an alternative task e.g passing exercise for 10 minutes, rehydrate, next drill is shooting outside box
What is variable practise? Name example of drill
Changing either elements of a skill or practise for that skill e.g passing with left, then with right, then just in the air
What is mental practise?
Performer runs through the skill in their mind and there is no physical movement involved
What are the 3 ways mental practise can be done?
•watching a demonstration/ video
•reading/listening to instructions
•use of mental imagery
What are the uses of mental practise?
•creates a mental picture
•evaluates possible movements and eliminates the unsuccessful
•builds self confidence as it envisages success
•helps cognitive learners to focus on the basics
•helps autonomous learners to control arousel
•mental trial and error
What conditions are suitable and detrimental for massed/ distributed practise?
> Suitable for massed/ detrimental for distributed
•simple
•discrete
•performer is physically fit
•autonomous learner
•intrinsically motivated
Detrimental for massed/ suitable for distributed
•high organisation
•complex
•performers lack self confidence/ lack of independence
•skill is dangerous
•cognitive learner
What are the 4 requirements of skills that need to be practised by variable practise?
•perceptual
•externally paced
•non-stereotypical
•influenced by environment
-variable skills need to be practised in as wide a variety of conditions as possible
