Structure of bacteria cell ch2 Flashcards
The name of bacteria heterogeneous shap
Bleomorophic
Syaphylococci
ترتيب البكتيريا على شكل عنقود عنب
Diplococci
Pairs shape
Streptococci
Chain shape
Outer layer in gram- contain
Lipopolyscharide
Lipopolyprotien
Phospholipid
The enzyme in periplasmic space
Beta-lactemase
As inhiptor to beta lactate drug
Why mycobacterium depolarizeed in gram stain?
Rich lipid cell wall+ They have (mycolic acid + arabinoglycan)
Peptidoglycan also called:
1- murien
2- mucopeptide
What’s the composition of peptidoglycan?
1- glycan chain (NAG,NAM)
2-tetrapeptide 9L-amino , Damino)
3-peptide interbrige : the cross linking
How pebtidoglycan act as antibacterial drug?
By inhibits transpiptidase that build the cross link of tetrapeptide
Four steps of gram stain:
1- violet dye (all cells blue)
2- add iodine solution : crystal violet-iodine solution
3- the organic compound (Ethanol , Acetone) colorless gram- bacteria
4- a red stain (safranin) depolarizer gram -
What’s protoplast?
Spherical shPe of bacteria in isotonic solution
What the composition of LPS?
The inner layer (lipid A) responsible of toxins of gram-
At the middle :the core
The outer moss: LPS polymer (antigen/somatic) is the antigen for identification gram-
Whats lipotechoic acid?
When techoic acid (glyserol phosphate linked with lipid in sytopkasm)
Techoic acid polymer?
1- glyserol phosphate
2-ribitol phosphate
All prokaryotic cells not have sterols except:
Mycoplasma
Examples of transition exotoxins by plasmids:
1- enterotoxins in Ecoli
2-anthrax toxin in anthracis
3- tetanus toxin in clostredium tetani
Medically importance of plasmids:
1- antibiotics resistant 2- exotoxins 3-ultraviolet resistance 4-pilim 5- pactriociens(toxec bacteria)
Bactriocins examples
1- colicocins in Ecoli
2- pyocins in pseodomans aergunosa
الطريقتين اللي بينتقلو فيها الantibiotic resistant gene?
1- from one bacteria to another by plasmids (congugation)
2-by transposons (conjugative transposons)
Antrax bacillus
Have d-glutamic acid capsule
بدال الpolyscharide
Imprtance of capsule
1- pervent ingestin from phagocytosis by negative charge
2- gives antibody can affect in sapsule
3-for identidication by( qoellung reaction)
4- adhesion in human tissue
Bacteria types they have flagella
Many if rods and spirosheets
The composition of pilli
Pillin protien in helical arrangement
Flagella composition
Flagellun on iterwind chains
على شكل سلاسل متشابكة
Medical important of glycocalyx
1- endocardium infection by
- varidine streptococcus
- staphylococcus epidermis
2-plaque)ترسبات في الاسنان)
Streptococcus mutant
3-by p.aeroginusa بتسبب تليف كيسي
Spores composition:
Debeclonic acid contain calcium ions
What contain the cell wall?
1- protien as porien , in grma- protien as channel
2-plyscharide and protiens as antigen use it ln labratory identification
3-in gram- has LPS as endotoxin
Weakly acid fast
Added weak solution of hydrochloric acid into acid fast stain to decolorized
Mycolic acid
High amount of lipid that consist in mycobacteria cell wall prevent it to decolrized
Carbolfuchsin
The stain in acid fast bacteria
Another names of peptidoglycan are:
- murien
- mucopeptide
What makes up peptidoglycan?
1-glycan chain (NAM/NAG)
2-tetra-peptide chain (L-D isomers )
3-peptide cross linkage ( of gram+ cells)
How antibacterial drugs inhibit peptidoglycan?
By inhibiting trnspeptidase that synthesis cross-link between tetra peptides
What is 2-layers found in mycobacterium cell wall not found most of bacteria?
1-mycolic acid
-arabinoglycan
Protoplast
Spherical shape of bacteria without cell wall as a result of lysozyme
What makes up LPS?
1-phospholipid (lipid A): determine the toxic effect
2-core polysaccharides, linked with lipid A through SDO
3-outer polysaccharide: antigens or somatic
Whats lipotechoic acid?
Glycerol phosphate bound covalently with the liped in cytoplasma
Procedure gram stain
1-crystals violet
2-iodine
3-acetone /methanol
4-saphranine
Bacteriocins
Toxic protiens found in lethal bacteria
What is the 4 domains of transposons?
1- inerveted repeats sequences (IR)
2-transposase
3-repressor
4-antibiotics resistance (conjugative transposons)
4 important reasons of capsule in medical importance
1-resistance to ingulfement by phagocyte
2-quellung reaction
3-used in vaccine
4-adherence in human tissue
Main point of flagella
1-chemotaxis process
2-contain of single protien and flagellin
3-the energy for movement (proton motive force)
4-whiplike appandeges
Axial filament
Like flagella shape , help spirochetes to movement.
Medically important reasons of flagella:
1- caused urinary tract infection , pathogenesis bacteria
2-laboratory identification-antiserum against flagella’s proteins.
Medically importance of pacillus
1-attachment in human receptor caused infection
2-sex pacillus( used in conjugation)
Glycocalyx(simple layer)
Secreted from bacteria
Main component for biofilm
Adherence firmly on surfaces
Cause plaque
Medically importance of spores
In gram+ rods
Genus bacillus: anthrax
Genus clostridium: tetanus/butulism
How spores resistance to heat and dehydration and other difficult conditions?
By a thicker keratin-like coat it contain. + dipoclonic acid
Mesosome
Paticipate in cell division and secretion
The only capsule composed of polypeptide?
Anthrax pacillus
