Structure/Function Organelles Flashcards
Label
Function of nucleus?
Storage and transmission genetic info
Information coded for in DNA synthesise protein- determines structure and function
What is the structure of nucleus?
Largest membrane bound organism
Double membrane- nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores- RNA moves out
What is heterochromatin?
Highly condensed
Transcriptionally silent
What is euchromatin?
Less condensed
Easily transcribed
Function of nucleolus?
Site DNA transcription
Forms ribosomal RNA
Structure of nucleolus?
In nucleus
No membrane
Function of mitochondria?
Outer, inner, matrix, intramembranous
Site oxidative phosphorylation
Outer membrane- lipid synthesis and FA
metabolism
Inner membrane- respiratory chain (electron
transport)
Matrix- Krebs Cycle
Intramembranous space- nucleotide synthesis
(ADP-ATP)
Function of golgi?
Diff parts?
Process and modifies macromolecules synthesised in ER
Cis- Nuclear facing- receives from rough ER
- Protein phosphorylation occurs
Medial- adds sugars to lipids/peptides
- form complex oligosaccharides
Trans- proteolysis peptides into active form
- sort molecules into vesicles
- vesicles bud from surface
Structure of golgi?
Parallel stacks membrane
Process and modify macromolecules synthesised in ER
Close to nucleus
Can’t see most cells
In what cells is the Golgi visible?
Plasma cells
Function of rough ER?
What are folds called?
Site protein synthesis
Structure of rough ER?
Highly folded membrane sheets
Rough- presence ribosomes
Structure of rough ER?
Highly folded membrane sheets
Rough- presence ribosomes
Function smooth ER?
Site lipid synthesis
Proteases and stores synthesised proteins
Structure smooth ER?
Highly folded, flattened membrane sheets
No ribosomes
Which ER has ribosomes present?
RER
What process occurs in cytoplasm?
Site glycolysis
What are 3 components of cytoplasm?
Cytoskeleton with associated motor proteins
Organelles and multi-protein complex
Cytoplasmic inclusions and dissolved solute
Function and structure of vesicles?
Small, spherical membrane bound organisms
Transport/store material
Exchange cell membrane between compartments
Name 5 different types vesicles?
Cell surface derived
Golgi derived
ER derived
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Function of vacuole?
Hold solutions or material- created, stored, excreted, phagocytosed, engulfed
Semi-permeable membrane
Function of ribosomes?
Act catalyst
Translate genetic code into chains aa
Deposit protein into ER under modification
Structure of ribosome?
2 subunits
Attached rough ER
How many aa/sec produced in protein production?
3-5
How many aa/sec produced in protein production?
3-5
Function of lysosomes?
Contain digestive enzymes
Waste disposal system
Site breakdown molecules
Derived golgi
What enables lysosomes to work?
H+ ATPase on membrane creates low pH (5)
Enable acid hydrolysis
5 Functions of plasma membrane?
Physical barrier- surround and seperate
cytoplasm
Structural support- tether cytoskeleton
Selective permeability- semi-perm
- H20, 02, CO2
- allow rate controlled
Cell signaling- glycoproteins/lipids
- hormones bind
Endo/exocytosis- allow absorb large quant
Structure of plasma membrane?
Double layer phospholipids
Hydrophobic head, hydrophilic tail
Proteins (receptors/channels)
Lipids (cholesterol)
Glycoproteins/lipids
What are phospholipids composed of?
Glycerol
2 FA tails
Phosphate head
What are phospholipids composed of?
Glycerol
2 FA tails
Phosphate head
List 5 cell junctions and functions?
Tight junctions- seal neighbouring cell
- epithelial sheet prevent leakage
Adherens- joins actin bundle in one cell to
another cell
Desmosomes- joins intermediate filaments in
one cell to neighbour
Gap junctions- allows passage of small water
soluble ions and molecules
Hemi-desmosomes- anchor intermediate
filaments in cell to basal
lamina
Structure/function microtubules? Size?
25nm
E.g. tubilin (a and b arrange 13)
Arise centromere
What cells have no microtubules?
RBC- no nuclei, no cell division, mt not needed
Structure intermediate filaments? Size?
Size microfilaments?
10 nm
6 types protein- vimentin, desmin,
neurofilaments, keratin, GFAP
Anchored transmembrane protein- spread
tissue
Micro-5nm
Function and structure centrosome?
Made 2 centrioles
Organise microtubules- structure
Pull chromatids apart during cell div
Structure microfilaments? Size?
5nm
Actin forms mesh on inner surface cell membrane
Function endosomes?
Membrane bounds vesicular and tubular structures
Between golgi and membrane
Sort delivery from golgi to vesicle
Function peroxisomes?
Small membrane bound organelles contain enzymes
Enzymes oxidase long chain FA
Involved breakdown FA to generate ATP
Destroys hydrogen peroxide
