Structure/Function Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

Label

A
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2
Q

Function of nucleus?

A

Storage and transmission genetic info
Information coded for in DNA synthesise protein- determines structure and function

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3
Q

What is the structure of nucleus?

A

Largest membrane bound organism
Double membrane- nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores- RNA moves out

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4
Q

What is heterochromatin?

A

Highly condensed
Transcriptionally silent

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5
Q

What is euchromatin?

A

Less condensed
Easily transcribed

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6
Q

Function of nucleolus?

A

Site DNA transcription
Forms ribosomal RNA

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7
Q

Structure of nucleolus?

A

In nucleus
No membrane

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8
Q

Function of mitochondria?
Outer, inner, matrix, intramembranous

A

Site oxidative phosphorylation
Outer membrane- lipid synthesis and FA
metabolism
Inner membrane- respiratory chain (electron
transport)
Matrix- Krebs Cycle
Intramembranous space- nucleotide synthesis
(ADP-ATP)

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Function of golgi?
Diff parts?

A

Process and modifies macromolecules synthesised in ER
Cis- Nuclear facing- receives from rough ER
- Protein phosphorylation occurs
Medial- adds sugars to lipids/peptides
- form complex oligosaccharides
Trans- proteolysis peptides into active form
- sort molecules into vesicles
- vesicles bud from surface

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11
Q

Structure of golgi?

A

Parallel stacks membrane
Process and modify macromolecules synthesised in ER
Close to nucleus
Can’t see most cells

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12
Q

In what cells is the Golgi visible?

A

Plasma cells

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13
Q

Function of rough ER?
What are folds called?

A

Site protein synthesis

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14
Q

Structure of rough ER?

A

Highly folded membrane sheets
Rough- presence ribosomes

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14
Q

Structure of rough ER?

A

Highly folded membrane sheets
Rough- presence ribosomes

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15
Q

Function smooth ER?

A

Site lipid synthesis
Proteases and stores synthesised proteins

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16
Q

Structure smooth ER?

A

Highly folded, flattened membrane sheets
No ribosomes

17
Q

Which ER has ribosomes present?

18
Q

What process occurs in cytoplasm?

A

Site glycolysis

19
Q

What are 3 components of cytoplasm?

A

Cytoskeleton with associated motor proteins
Organelles and multi-protein complex
Cytoplasmic inclusions and dissolved solute

20
Q

Function and structure of vesicles?

A

Small, spherical membrane bound organisms
Transport/store material
Exchange cell membrane between compartments

21
Q

Name 5 different types vesicles?

A

Cell surface derived
Golgi derived
ER derived
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes

22
Q

Function of vacuole?

A

Hold solutions or material- created, stored, excreted, phagocytosed, engulfed
Semi-permeable membrane

23
Q

Function of ribosomes?

A

Act catalyst
Translate genetic code into chains aa
Deposit protein into ER under modification

24
Structure of ribosome?
2 subunits Attached rough ER
25
How many aa/sec produced in protein production?
3-5
25
How many aa/sec produced in protein production?
3-5
26
Function of lysosomes?
Contain digestive enzymes Waste disposal system Site breakdown molecules Derived golgi
27
What enables lysosomes to work?
H+ ATPase on membrane creates low pH (5) Enable acid hydrolysis
28
5 Functions of plasma membrane?
Physical barrier- surround and seperate cytoplasm Structural support- tether cytoskeleton Selective permeability- semi-perm - H20, 02, CO2 - allow rate controlled Cell signaling- glycoproteins/lipids - hormones bind Endo/exocytosis- allow absorb large quant
29
Structure of plasma membrane?
Double layer phospholipids Hydrophobic head, hydrophilic tail Proteins (receptors/channels) Lipids (cholesterol) Glycoproteins/lipids
30
What are phospholipids composed of?
Glycerol 2 FA tails Phosphate head
30
What are phospholipids composed of?
Glycerol 2 FA tails Phosphate head
31
List 5 cell junctions and functions?
Tight junctions- seal neighbouring cell - epithelial sheet prevent leakage Adherens- joins actin bundle in one cell to another cell Desmosomes- joins intermediate filaments in one cell to neighbour Gap junctions- allows passage of small water soluble ions and molecules Hemi-desmosomes- anchor intermediate filaments in cell to basal lamina
32
Structure/function microtubules? Size?
25nm E.g. tubilin (a and b arrange 13) Arise centromere
33
What cells have no microtubules?
RBC- no nuclei, no cell division, mt not needed
34
Structure intermediate filaments? Size? Size microfilaments?
10 nm 6 types protein- vimentin, desmin, neurofilaments, keratin, GFAP Anchored transmembrane protein- spread tissue Micro-5nm
35
Function and structure centrosome?
Made 2 centrioles Organise microtubules- structure Pull chromatids apart during cell div
36
Structure microfilaments? Size?
5nm Actin forms mesh on inner surface cell membrane
37
Function endosomes?
Membrane bounds vesicular and tubular structures Between golgi and membrane Sort delivery from golgi to vesicle
38
Function peroxisomes?
Small membrane bound organelles contain enzymes Enzymes oxidase long chain FA Involved breakdown FA to generate ATP Destroys hydrogen peroxide