Structure/Function Organelles

Question 1

Label

Answer 1

Question 2

Function of nucleus?

Answer 2

Storage and transmission genetic info
Information coded for in DNA synthesise protein- determines structure and function

Question 3

What is the structure of nucleus?

Answer 3

Largest membrane bound organism
Double membrane- nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores- RNA moves out

Question 4

What is heterochromatin?

Answer 4

Highly condensed
Transcriptionally silent

Question 5

What is euchromatin?

Answer 5

Less condensed
Easily transcribed

Question 6

Function of nucleolus?

Answer 6

Site DNA transcription
Forms ribosomal RNA

Question 7

Structure of nucleolus?

Answer 7

In nucleus
No membrane

Question 8

Function of mitochondria?
Outer, inner, matrix, intramembranous

Answer 8

Site oxidative phosphorylation
Outer membrane- lipid synthesis and FA
metabolism
Inner membrane- respiratory chain (electron
transport)
Matrix- Krebs Cycle
Intramembranous space- nucleotide synthesis
(ADP-ATP)

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Function of golgi?
Diff parts?

Answer 10

Process and modifies macromolecules synthesised in ER
Cis- Nuclear facing- receives from rough ER
- Protein phosphorylation occurs
Medial- adds sugars to lipids/peptides
- form complex oligosaccharides
Trans- proteolysis peptides into active form
- sort molecules into vesicles
- vesicles bud from surface

Question 11

Structure of golgi?

Answer 11

Parallel stacks membrane
Process and modify macromolecules synthesised in ER
Close to nucleus
Can’t see most cells

Question 12

In what cells is the Golgi visible?

Answer 12

Plasma cells

Question 13

Function of rough ER?
What are folds called?

Answer 13

Site protein synthesis

Question 14

Structure of rough ER?

Answer 14

Highly folded membrane sheets
Rough- presence ribosomes

Question 14

Structure of rough ER?

Answer 14

Highly folded membrane sheets
Rough- presence ribosomes

Question 15

Function smooth ER?

Answer 15

Site lipid synthesis
Proteases and stores synthesised proteins

Question 16

Structure smooth ER?

Answer 16

Highly folded, flattened membrane sheets
No ribosomes

Question 17

Which ER has ribosomes present?

Answer 17

RER

Question 18

What process occurs in cytoplasm?

Answer 18

Site glycolysis

Question 19

What are 3 components of cytoplasm?

Answer 19

Cytoskeleton with associated motor proteins
Organelles and multi-protein complex
Cytoplasmic inclusions and dissolved solute

Question 20

Function and structure of vesicles?

Answer 20

Small, spherical membrane bound organisms
Transport/store material
Exchange cell membrane between compartments

Question 21

Name 5 different types vesicles?

Answer 21

Cell surface derived
Golgi derived
ER derived
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes

Question 22

Function of vacuole?

Answer 22

Hold solutions or material- created, stored, excreted, phagocytosed, engulfed
Semi-permeable membrane

Question 23

Function of ribosomes?

Answer 23

Act catalyst
Translate genetic code into chains aa
Deposit protein into ER under modification

Question 24

Structure of ribosome?

Answer 24

2 subunits
Attached rough ER

Question 25

How many aa/sec produced in protein production?

Answer 25

3-5

Question 25

How many aa/sec produced in protein production?

Answer 25

3-5

Question 26

Function of lysosomes?

Answer 26

Contain digestive enzymes
Waste disposal system
Site breakdown molecules
Derived golgi

Question 27

What enables lysosomes to work?

Answer 27

H+ ATPase on membrane creates low pH (5)
Enable acid hydrolysis

Question 28

5 Functions of plasma membrane?

Answer 28

Physical barrier- surround and seperate
cytoplasm
Structural support- tether cytoskeleton
Selective permeability- semi-perm
- H20, 02, CO2
- allow rate controlled
Cell signaling- glycoproteins/lipids
- hormones bind
Endo/exocytosis- allow absorb large quant

Question 29

Structure of plasma membrane?

Answer 29

Double layer phospholipids
Hydrophobic head, hydrophilic tail
Proteins (receptors/channels)
Lipids (cholesterol)
Glycoproteins/lipids

Question 30

What are phospholipids composed of?

Answer 30

Glycerol
2 FA tails
Phosphate head

Question 30

What are phospholipids composed of?

Answer 30

Glycerol
2 FA tails
Phosphate head

Question 31

List 5 cell junctions and functions?

Answer 31

Tight junctions- seal neighbouring cell
- epithelial sheet prevent leakage
Adherens- joins actin bundle in one cell to
another cell
Desmosomes- joins intermediate filaments in
one cell to neighbour
Gap junctions- allows passage of small water
soluble ions and molecules
Hemi-desmosomes- anchor intermediate
filaments in cell to basal
lamina

Question 32

Structure/function microtubules? Size?

Answer 32

25nm
E.g. tubilin (a and b arrange 13)
Arise centromere

Question 33

What cells have no microtubules?

Answer 33

RBC- no nuclei, no cell division, mt not needed

Question 34

Structure intermediate filaments? Size?
Size microfilaments?

Answer 34

10 nm
6 types protein- vimentin, desmin,
neurofilaments, keratin, GFAP
Anchored transmembrane protein- spread
tissue

Micro-5nm

Question 35

Function and structure centrosome?

Answer 35

Made 2 centrioles
Organise microtubules- structure
Pull chromatids apart during cell div

Question 36

Structure microfilaments? Size?

Answer 36

5nm
Actin forms mesh on inner surface cell membrane

Question 37

Function endosomes?

Answer 37

Membrane bounds vesicular and tubular structures
Between golgi and membrane
Sort delivery from golgi to vesicle

Question 38

Function peroxisomes?

Answer 38

Small membrane bound organelles contain enzymes
Enzymes oxidase long chain FA
Involved breakdown FA to generate ATP
Destroys hydrogen peroxide