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Phase 1 powerpoint IMMS > Meiosis and mitosis > Flashcards

Meiosis and mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

Nucleus and mitochondria (maternal)

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2
Q

How is DNA arranged?

A

DNA coils round histones
Nucleosomes
Supercoils
Chromosomes

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3
Q

Define prokaryote?

A

No nuclear membrane
DNA arranged single chromosomes

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4
Q

Define Eukaryote?

A

DNA in nucleus- bound histones

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5
Q

What joins 2 chromatids?

A

Centromere

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6
Q

Explain mitosis?

A

Prophase- Nuclear membrane disintegrates
- Chromatin condenses into
chromosomes
- Centrosomes nucleate
microtubules- move opposite
poles and nucleus
Prometaphase- Nuclear membrane breaks
down
- Microtubules invade nuclear
space
- Chromatids attach to
microtubules
- Cell no longer had a nucleus
- Chromosomes attach to
spindle via centromere
Metaphase- Chromosomes line up
metaphase plate
Anaphase- Sister chromatids separate,
Spindle fibers contract to pull
opposite poles of cell
Telophase- Nuclear membrane reforms
- Chromosomes unfold- chromatin
- Cytokinesis begins
Cytokinesis- Cell organelles evenly distributed
around each nucleus
- Cell divides into two daughter
cells

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7
Q

What stage of mitosis?

A

Metaphase- Chromosomes line up
metaphase plate

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8
Q

What stage of mitosis?

A

Anaphase

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9
Q

What stage of mitosis?

A

Prometaphase

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10
Q

What stage of mitosis?

A

Telophase
Cytokinesis

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11
Q

Draw mitosis?

A
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12
Q

What stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up on equatorial plate?

A

Metaphase

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13
Q

Which phase are sister chromatids seperated?

A

Anaphase

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14
Q

Which phase does the nuclear membrane reform?

A

Telophase

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15
Q

Which stage does the cell divide?

A

Cytokinesis

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16
Q

Explain cell cycle

A

G1- Preparation of replication
- cellular contents excluding chromosomes
duplicated
S- DNA doubles through replication
- Histone proteins double protein synth
- 2x as much DNA
G2- Chromosomes condense- coil, visible
- Energy stores accumulate
- Mitochondria and centrioles double
G2 checkpoint- check if ok
Mitosis- (see above)
Cytokinesis
Cell division- 2 diploid cells prod

17
Q

Draw mitosis

A
18
Q

What causes genetic diversity in meiosis?

A

Prophase 1- Crossing over occurs between
non- sister chromatids
Metaphase 1- Random assortment on
metaphase plate

19
Q

Explain meiosis?
What formed?

A

4 haploid daughter cells produced

20
Q

What occurs in meiosis two?

A

Sister chromatids within the two daughter cells separate
Forming four new haploid gametes.

21
Q

What is the difference between meiosis one and two?

A

Meiosis 1 starts one diploid parent cell and ends with two haploid daughter cells- halving number of chromosomes in each cell
Meiosis 2 starts with two haploid parent cells and ends with four haploid daughter cells

Meiosis 1- genetic diversity

22
Q

Draw miosis 1 and two?

A
23
Q

In cell cycle at one point does DNA double?

A

Synthesis

24
Q

At what stage do chromosomes condense in cell cycle?

A

G2

25
Q

State differences between meiosis and mitosis?

A
26
Q

What produces genetically different gametes?

A

Meiosis

Mitosis- genetically identical to parent cell (t)

27
Q

What process halve chromosome number?

A

Meiosis

Mitosis- retained

28
Q

What produces diploid cells?

A

Mitosis

Meiosis- haploid gametes

29
Q

What has two divisions?

A

Meiosis

Phase 1 powerpoint IMMS (13 decks)

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