Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 1 powerpoint IMMS > Communication and Homeostasis > Flashcards

Communication and Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Define 4 types of communication with examples?

A

Autocrine- messenger molecules bind with
receptors in cell where they are
produced
- E.g. Cytokine Interleukin
Paracrine- messenger in ECF
- E.g. Clotting factors, prostaglandins
Endocrine- secretions into blood
- E.g. Insulin
Exocrine- glands secrete through ducts
- E.g. Sweat, salivary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define positive feedback and give examples?

A

Amplification of signal
E.g. clotting cascade, oxytocin, labour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define negative feedback and give examples?

A

Return normal
E.g. Thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define and state 3 hormones?

A

Molecules act as chemical messengers
Peptide
Steroid
Amino-acid derivative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

State how peptide: made, stored, works

A

Made short chain amino acids
Stored- cell, released when needed
Binds receptor membrane
Provide quick response- secondary messenger cascade
E.g. Insulin, growth hormone, TSH, ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

State how steroid: made, stored, works

A

Synthesised cholesterol
Water insoluble, lipid soluble
Need transport proteins in blood
Intracellular receptor target
Made by cell and diffuses NOT STORED
Slow response as affects DNA- alters transcription/translation- proteins need made
E.g. Testosterone, oestrogen, cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

State how amino acid derivative: made, stored, works?

A

Synthesised from tyrosine
Act same peptide
E.g. adrenaline, thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define osmosis?

A

Net movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane to higher solute concentration
Higher to lower water conc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define osmotic pressure?

A

minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define oncotic pressure?

A

Oncotic pressure: form of osmotic pressure exerted by protein that tends to pull fluid into its solution – water moves from ISF into plasma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define hydrostatic pressure?

A

pressure exerted by a fluid on the walls
Hydrostatic pressure: pressure difference between capillary blood (plasma) and interstitial fluid – water and solutes move from plasma into interstitial space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define osmolarity?

A

Concentration of solutes in plasma per L of solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define osmolality?

A

Concentration of solutes in plasma per kg of solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

State methods of water intake and loss?

A

Intake- drink, diet, IV
Loss- kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Insensible and sensible water loss?

A

Insensible- not easily measured
- sweat, resp, vomiting
Sensible- measured
- urine, faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What hormones regulate water control?

A

ADH- causes kidneys to release less water
Aldosterone- regulates salt and water balance
increasing retention of sodium
and water
Atrial natriuretic peptide- ANP
- regulates salt-water
balance, promote
sodium and water
excretion

17
Q

What counters ADH?

A

ANP

18
Q

Causes and consequences of dehydration?

A

Causes- water dep, vomit, diarrhoea, burns,
sweating, diabetes insipidus, drugs
Conseq- thirst, inelastic skin, raised
haemocrit, weight loss, hypotension

19
Q

Causes and consequences of water excess?

A

Causes- high intake/decreased water loss,
excess ADH
Conseq- hyponatremia, cerebral over
perfusion- high blood volume- high
pressure- headaches, confusion,
convulsions

20
Q

Define dysfunctions:
Serous effusion
Oedema
Inflammatory

A

Serous effusion- excess water in body cavity
Oedema- excess water in intercellular tissue
space
Inflammatory- proteins leak out due increased vascular permeability- bring in water- dilute toxins- fibrinogen polymerises form fibrin mesh- immunoglobulins collect

21
Q

Explain inflammatory leakage?

A

Proteins leak out due increased vascular permeability
Bring in water which dilutes toxins
Fibrinogen polymerises and form fibrin mesh Immunoglobulins collect

22
Q

Define:
Venous pressure
Lymphatic
Hypoalbuminemia

A

Venous– end- increased venous pressure or
venous obstruction from a thrombus
Lymphatic (blocked)– obstructions from
tumour /parasite
Hypoalbuminemia– lower oncotic pressure

23
Q

Does ECF osmolality or volume lead to a rapid change?

A

ECF osmolality change- rapid response, tight
regulated
ECF volume change- slower response

24
Q

High and low sodium called?

A

Hypernatremia- high sodium
Hyponatremia- low sodium

25
Q

High and low potassium called?

A

Hyperkalaemia- high potassium
Hypokalaemia- low potassium

26
Q

High and low calcium called?

A

Hypercalcaemia- high calcium
Hypocalcaemia- low calcium

27
Q

Body fluid compartment for 70kg man?

A

K+ ICF
Na+ ECF

28
Q

What is main electrolyte in ECF?

A

Na

29
Q

What is main electrolyte in ICF?

A

K

30
Q

What state do fluid compartments in body exist in?

A

Osmotic equilibrium

Phase 1 powerpoint IMMS (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions