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NeuroPsych > Structure Function of CNS > Flashcards

Structure Function of CNS Flashcards

1
Q

4 Lobes

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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2
Q

3 Fissures/Sulci

A

Central sulcus
Lateral fissure
Calcerine fissure

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3
Q

Corpus callosum

A

White matter connecting left and right hemispheres

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4
Q

Cerebellum

A

Base of brain responsible for balance, motor, and learning

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5
Q

Prefrontal Cortex Functions

A

Higher executive functions

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6
Q

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

A

Abstract thinking
Planning
Reasoning

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7
Q

Anterior Cingulate Cortex

A

Emotional drive
Inhibition of inappropriate emotional responses
Dysfunction: apathy, lack of motivation

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8
Q

Orbitofrontal Cortex

A

Reviewing your actions, thoughts, impulse control, evaluating things
Dysfunction: aggressive behavior, sexual promiscuity, no filter

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9
Q

Pyramidal Motor Systems

A

Central nervous system

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10
Q

Extrapyramidal Motor Systems

A

Involuntary reflexes
Voluntary movement - fine motor skills and postural adjustments
Motor learning

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11
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Motor components of speech - making sounds

Understanding sentence structure

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12
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Understanding language

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13
Q

Extra Pyramidal System Key Structures

A

Caudate putamen = striatum - part of basal ganglia
Substantia Nigra too
DA receptors

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14
Q

Dysfunction of EPS

A

Tremor
Loss of gait
Inability to adjust posture
Loss of fine motor skills

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15
Q

Medial Temporal Lobe

A

Hippocampus - memory

Amygdala - fear, emotional learning, emotions

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16
Q

Insular Cortex

A

Pain perception
Self-awareness and consciousness
Inner fold of cortex in temporal lobe

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17
Q

Cells of the Brain

A

Neurons 100 billion (10%)

Glial cells 10x more than that! (90%)

18
Q

Types of Synaptic Connections Between Neurons

A

Axodendritic
Axosomatic
Axoaxonic

19
Q

Types of Glial Cells

A

Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Astrocytes

20
Q

Functions of Astrocytes

A

Supportive functions
Eat up excess neutrotransmitters
Responders to injury, cytokine/inflammation, contribute to BBB

21
Q

Function of Oligodendrocytes

A

Myelin sheath production

22
Q

Where is the CSF produced?

A

Ventricles

23
Q

What is the purpose of the CSF?

A

Provide buoyancy/protection of brain inside of skull and spine

24
Q

Function of microglia

A

Phagocytes

25
Q

What types of substances are in CSF and why?

A

Small AAs, proteins, electrolytes because large molecules can’t fit between tight junctions

26
Q

How do neurons communicate with one another?

A

Electrochemical signals

27
Q

Draw out an action potential

A

RMP (Na+K+ pump and K+ channels open) reaches threshold then voltage gated Na+ open then voltage gated K+ channels open then Na+ channels close and when hyperpolarization occurs, K+ channels occur until RMP is reached again

28
Q

Neurotransmitter Release

A

Synaptic vesicles form and present to presynaptic terminal cell surface
Docking proteins grab the vesicle and extracellular Ca++ rushes in
Vesicle binds to surface and allows neurotransmitter to be released into synaptic cleft

29
Q

5 Defining Features of a Neurotransmitter

A
  1. Must be made in neuron
  2. Must produce effect in postsynaptic neuron
  3. Must be release in identifiable form
  4. Must be in the terminal
  5. Must have a method of termination
30
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters

A

Biogenic
Amino Acids
Peptides

31
Q

4 Dopamine Pathways

A

Nigrostriatal - EPS
Mesolimbic - memories, emotions, learning
Mesocortical - executive functions
Tuberofundibular - prolactin secretion

32
Q

How does a typical DA neuron work?

A

Release and autoreceptors on presynaptic neuron = negative feedback

33
Q

What is the main difference between D1 and D2 receptors?

A

D1 - stimulate DA synthesis
D2 - inhibit DA synthesis
Autoreceptors on postsynaptic neuron

34
Q

Norepi Circulation and Synthesis

A

Tyr - L-DOPA - DOPA - NE

35
Q

SR Biosynthesis and Neurons

A

Trp - 5-HT - Melatonin

Also have presynaptic autoreceptors

36
Q

Ach Biosynthesis

A

Choline + acetate to acetylcholine
Choline brought into terminal and converted to Ach then passed through synapse to M and N receptors and AchE (breakdown!)

37
Q

Muscarinic Receptors

A

Excitatory OR inhibitory postganglionic receptors
Blocker - atropine
G protein coupled cAMP

38
Q

Nicotinic Receptors

A

Postganglionic AND neuromuscular receptors
Excitatory
Blocker - curare
Ligand gated ion channel

39
Q

Glutamate and GABA synthesis

A

Glutamine to glutamate to GABA

40
Q

Mechanisms of Termination

A

Reuptake

Degradation

41
Q

Reuptake Inhibitors

A

SSRIs - SR
TCAs - NE
Cocaine - DA
Tiagibine - GABA

42
Q

Degradative Inhibitors

A

Carbidopa - DA
MAOIs - NE, SR, DA
ACHEi - Ach

NeuroPsych (13 decks)

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