Structure and Organization of Nucleic Acids

Question 1

categories of noncoding DNA sequences

Answer 1

spacer sequences
introns
genes encoding nonprotein -coding RNAs
repetition DNA sequecnes

Question 2

introns

Answer 2

noncoding sequences within genes

Question 3

what is the most aundant class of noncoding sequences

Answer 3

repeitious DNA

Question 4

satellite DNA

Answer 4

indentical repeasts of short sequences

Question 5

how are satellite DNA repeats arranged

Answer 5

long, tandom arrays

Question 6

organization of satellite DNA is important in what

Answer 6

gives DNA sequence a defined moleculate weight

Question 7

where is most satellite DNA found

Answer 7

centromere and telomere

Question 8

what is the most abundant class of repetitious DNA

Answer 8

interspersed repeats

Question 9

exons

Answer 9

sequences that are translated into proteins

Question 10

characteristics of genes in eukaryotes

Answer 10

discontinuous and consist of exons and introns

Question 11

gene families arise form waht

Answer 11

gene duplication events

Question 12

what are the similiaries between genes within a gene family

Answer 12

simliar nucleotide sequences and encode similiar proteins

Question 13

pseudogene

Answer 13

when you have a duplicate gene that gets mutated adn inactivated

Question 14

what is unique about a duplicate copy of a gene

Answer 14

it’s expendable and axxumulates mutations over time

Question 15

chromatine

Answer 15

nuclear DNA that’s extensively associated with proteins

Question 16

nucleosome

Answer 16

histone with DNA wrapped around them

Question 17

homologous chromones

Answer 17

materal and paternal versions of same chromsome are similiar but not identifcal

Question 18

how is mitochondrial genome different from nuclear genome

Answer 18

it’s circular
it’s poresent in mulitiple copies per organelle
high gene density
not extensively associated with proteins

Question 19

what is the principal feature that sets eukaryotes apart from prokaryotes

Answer 19

nucleus

Question 20

heterochromatin

Answer 20

intensely stain, compelxed with proteins, highly condensed and transcriptionally inactive

Question 21

where is heterochromatin found

Answer 21

periphery of nucleus

Question 22

euchromatin

Answer 22

translucent, contains transciriptionally active, decondensed DNA

Question 23

nucleolus

Answer 23

large, intesnly stained area that contains genes encoding ribosomal RNA

Question 24

what are chromosomes attached to

Answer 24

nuclear matrix

Question 25

what are chromomsomal territories serprated by

Answer 25

interchromosomal domains

Question 26

nuclear lamina

Answer 26

meshwork of filaments that astabilize the nuclear envelope on the inner surface

Question 27

nuclear pore function

Answer 27

regulate traffic between nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 28

what are teh 3 main types of large molcules that much be actively and selectively transported between nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 28

mRNA proteins ribosomal subinits

Question 29

what import protein helps with import of molecules into the nucleus

Answer 29

importin

Question 30

what small GTP bindign protein mediates nucleu export

Answer 30

Ran

Question 31

the majority of mRNA molecules are exported from the nucleus via what

Answer 31

ran-independent mechanism

Question 32

what protein associated with the cytoplasmic face of nuclear pore complex and helps provide energy input needed for transport

Answer 32

Dbp5

Question 33

what type of replication is DNA

Answer 33

semi-convservative

Question 34

how are replication origins activated

Answer 34

in clusters

Question 35

replication is _______ from each orgiin

Answer 35

bidirectional

Question 36

how are nucleosomes replicated

Answer 36

existing histones are recycled whilst an equal numver of new histones are syntheized

Question 37

what do you call enzymes that syntheisze DNA

Answer 37

DNA polyermases

Question 38

all DNA polymerases are what

Answer 38

template directed

Question 39

what is requried for DNA replication

Answer 39

primer

Question 40

wha ter primers made from

Answer 40

RNA

Question 41

how are RNA primers degrated

Answer 41

exonuclease

Question 42

polymerases synthesize DNA in what direction

Answer 42

5' -> 3'

Question 43

the newly synthesized DNA straing is _____ to the template strand

Answer 43

antiparallel

Question 44

what are the nucletide donors for DNA synthesis

Answer 44

dATP, dGTP, dCTp, dTTP

Question 45

what is released as each nucletoide is incoroprated

Answer 45

pyrophosphate

Question 46

hydrolysis of pyrophossphate does waht

Answer 46

drices reaction to the right

Question 47

how are origins of replication marked

Answer 47

oriin recognition compelx

Question 48

waht DNA sequence is at telomeres

Answer 48

TTAGGG