Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Applied Phys > structure and general function of the respiratory system > Flashcards

structure and general function of the respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the respiratory system

A
  • provide O2, Eliminate CO2 (gas exchange)
  • regulate blood pH
    -Phonation (speech)
  • microbial defense
  • elimination and secretion of chemical messengers (example: ACE)
  • traps and dissolves blood clots arising from the systemic veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pulmonary respiration refers to

A

ventilation (breathing) and the exchange of gases in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cellular respiration relates to

A

O2 utilization and CO2 production by the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gas exchange between the blood and the tissues is known as

A

internal respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mechanical process of moving air into the out of the lungs is

A

ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gas exchange between the lungs and the blood is

A

external respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

portion of tidal volume that does not reach the alveolar is

A

dead space ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

upper respiratory tract includes the

A

nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lower respiratory
tract includes the

A

trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, the respiratory bronchioles, and alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following is NOT an important function the larynx?

-Prevention of aspiration
-Phonation
-Mastication
-Control of airflow during breathing

A

mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

functions of conducting zone

A
  • provides a low resistance pathway for airflow
  • cilia, mucus, and macrophages provide a defense against microbes and other harmful chemicals (filtration)
  • warms and humidifies the air
    -phonation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

function of respiratory zone

A
  • gas exchange
  • microbe dense
  • removal and secretion of chemicals
  • trap and dissolve blood clots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bronchial smooth muscle stimulated - B2 receptors

A

stimulated by epinephrine and will cause bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bronchiole smooth muscle - Muscarinic receptors

A
  • stimulated by PSNS and will cause bronchovasoconstriction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gas exchange between

A

alveolar wall into capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

type 1 alveolar cells characteristics and purpose

A

flattened epithelial cells (squamous cell) of the lung where gas exchange takes place. make up 97% of the lung surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

type 2 alveolar cells characteristics and purpose

A

cells are granular and roughly cuboidal epithelial cells - produces surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

role of surfactant

A

decreases surface tension allowing the lungs to expand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

interdependence of alveoli

A

allows the alveoli to expand during inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

increase alveolar wall tension pulls the airway further open to

A

reduce resistance and facilitate more airflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

air cal flow between

A

alveoli as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

importance of alveoli

A

gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

to increase air flow you could

A

do stacking breathing which allows air to flow one alveoli to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ventilation is the

A

movement of air that occurs because of bulk flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

inspiration occurs when

A

volume of lung increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

expiration occurs when

A

volume of lung decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

afsdf

A

contraction of respiratory muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

inspiration thoracic cavity

A

expands

31
Q

inspiration the lungs

A

diaphragm contract vertical dimensions of thoracic cavity increase

32
Q

inspiration the ribs

A

are elevated and thoracic cavity widens

33
Q

during inspiration the sternum

A

moves anteriorly and thocic cavity expands

34
Q

expiration is

A

active

35
Q

inspiration is

A

passive

36
Q

position of lungs/pleural pressure

A

-intrapleural pressure
- pariteal pleura
-pleural cavity
- visceral pleura
-intrapulmonary pressure

36
Q

alveolar fluid lost to evaporation is replenished by the fluid in the

A

pleural cavity

37
Q

fluid in the pleural cavity is repelnsiehd by fluid moving in form the

A

capillaries

37
Q

excess fluid is drained by the

A

lymphatic system

38
Q

what would happen if a person were to fracture a rib, puncturing the parietal pleura

A

intrapleural pressure would increase and the lung would collapse

39
Q

muscles of inspiration

A
  • scalene
    -sternocleidomastoid
  • external intercostal muscle
  • diaphragm
40
Q

muscles of expiration

A
  • internal intercostal muscles
  • external oblique
    -rectus abdominis
    -internal oblique
    -transverse abdominis
41
Q

respiratory muscles consume what percentage of O2 utilized by the body at rest

A

5

42
Q

during exercise, respiratory muscles consumption increase to

A

30%

43
Q

what would cause an increase in the work of breathing

A

being at altitude

44
Q

airflow depends on

A

-pressure difference between two ends of air way
- resistance of airways

45
Q

airflow =

A

change of pressure / resistance

46
Q

airway resistance depends on

A
  • diameter of the airway
  • laminar or turbulent flow
    -viscosity of the gas
47
Q

dead space is defined as

A

the air in the lugs thats in the conducting zone is not getting any gas exchange

48
Q

pulmonary ventilation is

A

movement of gas into and out of the lungs

49
Q

v=

A

volume of gas

50
Q

dot over Means

A

per minute

51
Q

Vt =

A

tidal volume

52
Q

Vd

A

dead space

53
Q

Va

A

alveolar

54
Q

VE

A

pulmonary ventilation

55
Q

VE =

A

Vt x f or VE = VT x RR

56
Q

f =

A

frequency of breathing

57
Q

dead space ventilation refers to the

A

portion of tidal volume that does not reach the alveolar compartment

58
Q

alveolar ventilation refers to the

A

portion of the tidal volume that reaches the alveolar compartment (gas exchange surface)

59
Q

alveolar ventilation can be computed as

A

Va = (VT-VD) x RR

60
Q

respiratory volumes tidal volume definition

A

amount of air inhaled or exhaled in one breath during quiet breathing

61
Q

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort

62
Q

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled with maximum effort

63
Q

residual volume (RV)

A

amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration; that is, the amount of air that can never be voluntarily exhaled

64
Q

weakness of the diaphragm would resulting in what change in spirometry

A

decreased inspiratory capacity

65
Q

what happens if you don’t have residual volume

A

collapse lung

66
Q

FEV

A

forced expiratory volume

67
Q

meaning of FEV1

A

maximum volume of air exhaled in 1 sec

68
Q

why does the ability to exhale air forcefully indicate obstructive lung disease

A

during exhalation, tension pulling the smaller airways open decreases
- smaller diameter = greater resistance to airflow

69
Q

chronic inflammation causes

A
  • loss of proteins holding the smaller airways open leading to greater collapse
  • thickened airways (smaller diameter)
  • constriction of the bronchiole smooth muscle which is exacerbated with rapid airflow (myogenic constriction)
70
Q

if total lung volume is small you could say that the force

A

the force of air will be small

71
Q

asthma results in

A

bronchoconstriction because of an irritant (bronchiole smooth muscle spasms)

72
Q

what medications is used for asthma

A

anticholinergic

Applied Phys (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions