renal system

Question 1

role of the kidneys

Answer 1

• regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure
• regulation of osmolarity (290)
• maintenance of ion balance
• regulation of acid base balance
• exertion of metabolic waste products and foreign chemical
  -secretion, metabolism, and exertion of hormones

Question 2

solutes are filtered from the blood into Bowmans capsule

Answer 2

glomerulus

Question 3

process of filtration

Answer 3

• filtration
• reabsorption
• secretion
  -excretion

Question 4

excretion =

Answer 4

filtration - reabsorption + secretion

Question 5

purpose of these regulation processes?

Answer 5

needs of the boy to maintain homeostasis

Question 6

Ions the kidneys are balancing

Answer 6

• water and sodium
• potassium
• calcium
• H+ and HCO3-

Question 7

importance of water and sodium

Answer 7

maintains ECF and volume
- important for osmolarity

Question 8

potassium

Answer 8

-important for maintain membrane potential of excitable cells
- disruption: arrhythmias, muscle dysfunction

Question 9

Calcium

Answer 9

• important for muscle contraction
• bone formation
• blood clotting

Question 10

H+ and HCO3-

Answer 10

important for maintaining pH

Question 11

excess fluid volume is exerted by the kidneys known as

Answer 11

diuresis

Question 12

nephron reabsorb solute without

Answer 12

reabsorbing water

Question 13

lost fluid volume cannot be replaced by the kidneys; they can only conserve it. therefore nephrons job is to

Answer 13

reabsorb water without the reabsorbing solute

Question 14

ADH is stimulated by

Answer 14

increase in ECF osmolarity or a fall in blood pressure
- posterior pituitar
- controls the collecting duct permeability to water via insertion of aquaporins

Question 15

ADH acts on the

Answer 15

collecting duct

Question 16

ADH increases

Answer 16

BP

Question 17

the total amount of sodium in the body is a primary determinant of

Answer 17

ECF

Question 18

how long does it take kidneys to adapt

Answer 18

2 to 3 days

Question 19

major hormone that regulates sodium is

Answer 19

aldosterone from the adrenal cortex

Question 20

purpose of aldosterone

Answer 20

increases sodium reabsorption
- released form adrenal cortex
- works on the cells of the distal connoted tubule and collecting duct
- increase osmolarity of the blood

Question 21

RAAS stands for

Answer 21

renin angiotensin aldosteron system

Question 22

renin is a protein enzyme that is

Answer 22

synthesized and stored in an inactive form in the juxtaglomerular cells

Question 23

what’s store in the JG cells

Answer 23

renin

Question 24

what happens to JG cells when pressure release?

Answer 24

release renin

Question 25

where is macula dense?

Answer 25

distal convoluted tubule

Question 26

macula dense measures

Answer 26

sodium chloride

Question 27

incread of sodium chloride results

Answer 27

the release of renin from the macula dense

Question 28

effects of rennin release

Answer 28

• vasoconstriction
• ADH increase
• Thirst increase
  -Aldosterone level increase

Question 29

atrial natriuretic peptide ANP

Answer 29

• synthesized by special atrial cells
  -released in response to atrial stretch due to increased blood volume
• increases salt and water excretion by suppression renin, aldosterone, and ADH hormones

Question 30

brain natriuretic peptide BNP

Answer 30

• synthesized by special myocardial ventricular cells and brain neurons
• released in response to increased ventricular pressure and stretch
• used as a biological marker for heart failure

Question 31

when HCO3- is lost from the body, its is the same as if the body

Answer 31

gained a H+

Question 32

the kidney eliminate or replenish H+ by

Answer 32

altering plasma HCO3+ concentration