Structure and functions of living organisms - Transport in humans Flashcards
What is the composition of the blood
Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets
What is the role of the plasma
to transport carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy
What adaptions of the red blood cells make them suitable for the transport of oxygen
They are small and flexible so can fit through small blood vessels
Their biconcave shape increases their surface area so they can absorb more oxygen more easily
Contain haemoglobin that binds with the oxygen (No nucleus so more heamoglobin)
Have a thin membrane so oxygen can diffuse in more easily
How does the immune system respond to diseases
Usng white blood cells - Phagocytes + Lymphocytes
Read the whole thing: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zyxg7p3/revision/2
What do vaccination produce..
Memory cells
What do memory cells do
They remember particular antigens so, if they appear in your body in the future, your immune system can mount a defense quickly
What do platelets do
They prevent bleeding by being sent to the site of bleeding and then ‘clotting’ (clumping) to block blood from leaving the body and preventing micro-organisms from entering
What is the structure of the heart
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zwvn39q/revision/1#:~:text=Each%20side%20of%20the%20heart,lungs%20or%20around%20the%20body.
How does the heart rate change during exercise
Your heart beats faster as more respiration is needed to provide more energy. When the heart beats faster, it moves the blood quicker around the body so more oxygen can be used for respiration
What factors can increase the risk of coronary heart disease
Smoking or having high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity or a strong family history of heart disease
What is coronary heart disease
When your coronary arteries become narrowed by fatty material within their walls stopping the flow of blood
How does the structure of capillaries relate to its function
Capillaries have very thin walls that are only 1 cell thick, allowing the carbon dioxide, oxygen and nutrients to diffuse between cells and vessels
How does the structure of arteries relate to its function
The artery has a narrow lumen and thick muscular walls to maintain the high pressure so that blood can be pushed far distances around the body
How does the structure of veins relate to its function
Thin, less elastic walls help them handle high volumes and low pressure
Know the general structure of the circulation system
https://saturninenotes.wordpress.com/2016/08/01/2-66-understand-the-general-structure-of-the-circulation-system-to-include-the-blood-vessels-to-and-from-the-heart-the-lungs-the-liver-and-the-kidneys/
