Structure and functions of living organisms - Plant Nutrition and Plant transportation

Question 1

what is photosynthesis and what is its main product?

Answer 1

Photosynthesis turns light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose ( Sugars )

Question 2

What is the word equation and balanced equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 2

carbon dioxide + water —) glucose + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H20 —) C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 3

What does a leaf
cell include ( 4 things )

Answer 3

1) Upper/Lower epidermis
2) palisade mesophyll
3) Spongy mesophyll
4) Xylem and Phloem ( Vascular Bundle )

Question 4

What adaptations does a plant cell have for photosynthesis

Answer 4

The epiderma’s are thin, see-through and don’t contain chloroplast so light can pass into the cell.
The palisade mesophylls are tightly packed meaning that they absorb more light.
A plant cell also has a big surface area to absorb more light

Question 5

How do you test for how light intensity and temperature effect the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 5

1)Place pond weed in a beaker of water
2)Change the independent variable
3)Leave for 5 Minutes to allow pond weed to adapt to environment
4)Count the number of air bubbles produced in a fixed period of time
5)Increase or decrease the independent variable by a fixed increment (e.g. distance of lamp to change light intensity)
6)Repeat process to obtain a range of data and analyze results

Question 6

What are three things that effect the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 6

1) C02 concentration
2) Light intensity
3) temperature

Question 7

What do plants require for growth, what is needed for chlorophyll and what is needed for amino acids

Answer 7

1) Mineral ions
2) Magnesium ions
3) Nitrate ions

Question 8

What adaptions do leaves have for gas exchange

Answer 8

The Leaf has a stomata which opens and closes when gas exchange is available, stopping the leaf from losing as much water

Question 9

What is the phloem’s role in the leaf

Answer 9

moves food substances that the plant has produced by photosynthesis

Question 10

What is the xylem’s role in the leaf

Answer 10

To carry water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plan

Question 11

How is water absorbed by root hair cells

Answer 11

Water is transferred into the root hair cell as mineral ions move into the cell through active transport meaning that inside the root hair cell has a lower water potential than outside, so water moves in through osmosis

Question 12

What is transpiration

Answer 12

Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the surface of a plant

Question 13

What 4 things affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 13

1) Changes in humidity
2) Wind speed
3) Temperature
4) Light Intensity

Question 14

2.58B Practical: Investigate the role of environmental factors in determining the rate of transpiration from a leafy shoot

Answer 14

https://www.savemyexams.com/igcse/biology/edexcel/19/revision-notes/2-structure-and-function-in-living-organisms/transport-systems/2-58b-practical-factors-affecting-transpiration/

Question 15

Why can simple, unicellular organisms rely on diffusion for the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Answer 15

As the surface area to volume ratio is large,
so there is a lot of surface area for diffusion and not much volume to travel within

Question 16

Why do multicellular organisms need a transport system

Answer 16

To be able to get all of the substances that cells need to the correct place as they cannot rely o diffusion due to having a low surface area to volume ratio