Structure and Function of Cerebral Cortex Flashcards
(27 cards)
____ is the layer of gray matter that covers the cerebrum.
Cerebral Cortex
The fMRI _____ signal is a correlate of neuronal activity.
bold
An interconnected group of telencephalic and diencephalic structures that have a major role in self-preservation (e.g., searching for food and fighting), preservation of the species (e.g., reproduction and the care of offspring), the expression of fear, rage, and pleasure, and the establishment of memory
limbic system
The primary sensory area for visual corresponds to what Brodmann’s areas?
17
The primary sensory area for auditory corresponds to what Brodmann’s areas?
41, 42
The primary sensory somatosensory corresponds to what Brodmann’s areas?
1, 2, 3
The sensory association areas are located where?
principally in the brain regions near the respective primary sensory areas
The primary motor region corresponds to what Brodmann’s areas?
4
The motor association areascorresponds to what Brodmann’s areas?
anterior to 4
The high order association areas are located where?
parietal, temporal, prefrontal, and limbic cortex regions
Unlike primary and secondary sensory cortices, association cortex receives input from nuclei of the ______ that themselves receive processed information from the sensory regions of the cerebral cortex.
thalamus (dorsomedial, pulvinar and posterior nuclei)
In addition, the association areas receive input from other cortical areas via _____.
cortico-cortical projections
Association cortices are important for _____, ______, and _____.
integrating sensory, motor, and integrated information from multiple sources
Lesions in these association areas can result in specific or complex _____, but not simple _____.
cognitive deficits; sensory or motor deficits
Deficits of attention and lateral neglect syndrome are caused by lesions in ____
parietal association cortex
Deficits of recognition (e.g. prosopagnosia) are caused by lesions in ____
temporal association cortex
Deficits of planning and deficits in emotional expression and control are caused by lesions in ____
frontal association cortex
. This syndrome is almost always associated with lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere. The right hemisphere is dominant for attention and can make up for deficits resulting from left hemisphere lesions whereas, the left hemisphere only deals with the right side of the body/space and cannot compensate for right hemisphere damage
Lateral neglect syndrome
involves severe left side neglect. Thus, patients do not pay attention to objects on their left extrapersonal space, even though they do see them when specifically asked. Patients will also neglect the left side of their body. For example they may walk into a doorframe with their left side as they do not properly attend to that side of their body or the environment around it
Lateral neglect syndrome with a lesion of the right cerebral hemisphere
Inability to recognize faces
prosopagnosia
Generally, lesions of the right temporal cortex results in difficulty in _____ while lesions on the left produce difficulties with _____.
recognizing faces and object; language
Given the unique connectivity between the frontal regions and deeper brain structures, lesions of these areas or their connections generate a variety of distinctive clinical behaviors
frontal association cortex
The _____ is concerned with planning, strategy formation, and executive function. Patients with dorsolateral frontal lesions tend to have apathy, personality changes, and lack of ability to plan or to sequence actions or tasks.
dorsolateral frontal cortex
The ____ contains the center for expression of language. Patients with left frontal operculum lesions may demonstrateBroca aphasia, (language deficits), whereas patients with exclusively right opercular lesions tend to develop expressive aprosodia.
frontal operculum
