Sleep

Question 1

Almost complete loss of muscle tone in skeletal muscles

Answer 1

REM sleep

Question 2

Important for the consolidation of memories

Associated with apnea, snoring, sleep paralysis and most dreaming

Answer 2

REM sleep

Question 3

Divided into 4 stages; 4 being the deepest

Answer 3

Non REM sleep

Question 4

Important for cellular repair
Associated with increased protein synthesis
Associated with sleep walking, sleep talking and bruxism

Answer 4

Non REM sleep

Question 5

Theta activity

Answer 5

Stage 1

Question 6

Sleep Spindle, K Complex

Answer 6

Stage 2

Question 7

Delta Activity

Answer 7

Stage 3 and 4

Question 8

Heart rate, respiration, penile erection _____ during REM sleep

Answer 8

increase

Question 9

True or False? Electrical stimulation can trigger sleep and wakefulness.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Retinohypothalamic path: Light reduces (inhibits) _____ release from pineal gland.

Answer 10

melatonin

Question 11

____ puts us to sleep

Answer 11

VLPO

Question 12

____ keeps us awake

Answer 12

Orexin

Question 13

____ coordinates it VLPO and Orexin

Answer 13

SCN

Question 14

_____ SCN activity during the day (left) than at night (right)

Answer 14

Greater

Question 15

_____ inhibits the gene encoding the hypothalamic orexin neuropeptides OX-1 and OX-2

Answer 15

suvorexant

Question 16

Decreased Sleep leads to Increased _____ which leads to weight gain

Answer 16

ghrelin

Question 17

a disorder of sleep attacks and excessive daytime sleepiness

caused by hypocretin deficiency (autoimmune attack on hypocretin (Orexin) neurons)

Answer 17

Narcolepsy

Question 18

Genetics, age, and triggering infections or inflammation play important roles in the development of ______

Answer 18

narcolepsy

Question 19

In individuals without narcolepsy and whose sleep is well regulated, ______ are released during wakefulness and increase activity in target neurons that promote wakefulness and suppress rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep

Answer 19

hypocretins

Question 20

In people who have narcolepsy with cataplexy, most of the ______ die off

Answer 20

hypocretin-producing neurons

Question 21

10 sec respiratory pause

Answer 21

apnea

Question 22

10 sec of a 50% decrease in breathing

Answer 22

hypopnea

Question 23

an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea

Answer 23

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Question 24

associated with changing serum partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 24

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Question 25

the throat muscles relax and the airway is narrowed, momentarily cutting off breathing and resulting in noisy snoring (which is produced by a vibrating uvula)

Answer 25

obstructive sleep apnea