Audition

Question 1

The three ossicles of the air filled middle ear transfer the vibrations of the ear drum into pressure waves in the fluid of the inner ear via the ______. They magnify the total force about ______ times

Answer 1

oval window; 22

Question 2

What are the two muscles of the middle ear that protect the inner ear from loud noises?

Answer 2

The tensor tympani and the stapedius

Question 3

Loud sounds trigger a reflex within 50 milliseconds to ______ the muscles which increases the ______ of ossicles

Answer 3

contract, rigidity

Question 4

What are the three functions f the attenuation reflex?

Answer 4

1. Protect the cochlea
2. Mask back-ground noise
3. Decrease hearing sensitivity to one’s own voice

Question 5

Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx.
Equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and the pressure outside the body.
Drains secretions and infections from the middle ear.

Answer 5

Eustachian Tube

Question 6

______ produces ear ache, temporary hearing loss, pus and flu-like symptoms. It is more common in children because the tubes are immature, more narrow and horizontal

Answer 6

Otitis media

Question 7

True or False? If we eliminate the entire auditory pathway, we can still hear sounds.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or False? If we stimulate the auditory cortex with an electrode we hear sounds

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False? Deaf and hearing subjects do not differ in the total volume, or the number of nerve cells, in the gray matter of the auditory cortex

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or False? the deaf do have fewer fibers projecting to and from auditory cortices

Answer 10

True

Question 11

The deaf re-route the sense of touch into parts of the brain usually intended for hearing. This phenomenon is known as ________ which means that a damaged sensory system in the brain has been replaced by another sensory system. In this case, in the parts of the brain reserved for a sense of hearing have been replaced with touch visual-spatial functions

Answer 11

cross-modal plasticity

Question 12

Base of basilar membrane is “tuned” for _____ frequencies.

Answer 12

High

Question 13

Apex is “tuned for ____ frequencies.

Answer 13

Low

Question 14

The amount of ____ determines the intensity of sound we experience.

Answer 14

basilar membrane displacement

Question 15

Hearing is considered normal if an individual’s thresholds are within ____ dB of normal thresholds.

Answer 15

15

Question 16

What are the two mechanisms for sound location?

Answer 16

Difference in the intensity of sound in each ear (Best for frequencies > 3000 cps)
Difference in the time of arrival of sound in each ear (Best for frequencies <3000 cps)

Question 17

True or False? Exposure to loud sounds can damage the cells of your inner ear

Answer 17

True

Question 18

True or False? Drugs, such as the antibiotic gentamicin and certain chemotherapy drugs, can damage the inner ear

Answer 18

True

Question 19

_____ hearing loss results from abnormalities of the external ear and/or the ossicles of the middle ear

Answer 19

Conductive

Question 20

______ hearing loss results from malfunction of inner ear structures (i.e. cochlea or auditory nerve

Answer 20

Sensorineural

Question 21

______ hearing loss results from dysfunction of the brain stem or cerebral cortex

Answer 21

Central

Question 22

What is presbycusis?

Answer 22

age-related hearing loss

Question 23

Acquired hearing loss in children commonly results from prenatal infections from ______ organisms

Answer 23

“TORCH”