Structure and Function of Cells

Question 1

Cell wall

Answer 1

Rigid/semi-rigid structure that encloses cell

Question 2

Cellulose molecules

Answer 2

Polysaccharide

Question 3

Micelle

Answer 3

Cellulose arrangement/bundle

Question 4

Microfibril

Answer 4

Bundled micelles

Question 5

Macrofibril

Answer 5

Bundled microfibrils

Question 6

Shorter chains of other sugars, composed part of cell wall

Answer 6

Hemicellulose

Question 7

Polysaccharides (not cellulose) composes part of cell wall

Answer 7

Pectin

Question 8

Carbs that compose part of cell wall

Answer 8

Lignins

Question 9

Middle lamella

Answer 9

Thin, mostly pectin, shared between 2 cells

Question 10

Primary cell wall

Answer 10

25% cellulose, 75% others

Question 11

Secondary cell wall

Answer 11

Extremely rigid, indicates death, 75% cellulose 25% lignin etc (NO Pectin or Glycoproteins)

Question 12

Narrow strands of cytoplasm connecting cells

Answer 12

Plasmodesmata

Question 13

Thinner areas of cell wall containing many plasmodesmata

Answer 13

Primary pit fields

Question 14

Membrane-bound sac, makes up 95% of cell

Answer 14

Vacuole

Question 15

1-layer membrane around vacuole

Answer 15

Tonoplast

Question 16

Vacuole pressure on cell

Answer 16

Turgor pressure

Question 17

Inner membrane of chloroplast embedded with pigments

Answer 17

Thylakoids

Question 18

Embedded in thylakoids, photosynthesis

Answer 18

Chlorophyll

Question 19

Stacks of thylakoids

Answer 19

Granna stacks

Question 20

Y/O/R chloroplast pigments

Answer 20

Carotenoids

Question 21

Space enclosed by chloroplast inner membrane

Answer 21

Stroma

Question 22

A double-membrane organelle; what’s the inheritance?

Answer 22

Plastid, inherited maternally except in gymnosperms

Question 23

Embryonic plastids

Answer 23

Proplastids

Question 24

Synthesize and store carotenoids

Answer 24

Chromoplasts

Question 25

Synthesize and store starch

Answer 25

Amyloplasts

Question 26

Synthesize and store oil

Answer 26

Elaioplasts

Question 27

Endosymbiotic Hypothesis

Answer 27

Free-living bacteria engulfed others that became organelles

Question 28

Autogenous Hypothesis

Answer 28

Outer membrane invaginated, forming organelles

Question 29

Hormone that causes acid secretion for cell growth

Answer 29

Auxin

Question 30

pH dependent proteins that break down cell wall bonds

Answer 30

Pectinase and cellulase

Question 31

Tall growth hormone

Answer 31

Giberellin

Question 32

Short growth hormone

Answer 32

Ethylene

Question 33

Half-developed cells can be changed to different cells

Answer 33

Totipotent

Question 34

Returning to meristematic state

Answer 34

Dedifferentiation