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Plant Biology > Structure and Function of Cells > Flashcards

Structure and Function of Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell wall

A

Rigid/semi-rigid structure that encloses cell

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2
Q

Cellulose molecules

A

Polysaccharide

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3
Q

Micelle

A

Cellulose arrangement/bundle

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4
Q

Microfibril

A

Bundled micelles

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5
Q

Macrofibril

A

Bundled microfibrils

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6
Q

Shorter chains of other sugars, composed part of cell wall

A

Hemicellulose

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7
Q

Polysaccharides (not cellulose) composes part of cell wall

A

Pectin

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8
Q

Carbs that compose part of cell wall

A

Lignins

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9
Q

Middle lamella

A

Thin, mostly pectin, shared between 2 cells

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10
Q

Primary cell wall

A

25% cellulose, 75% others

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11
Q

Secondary cell wall

A

Extremely rigid, indicates death, 75% cellulose 25% lignin etc (NO Pectin or Glycoproteins)

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12
Q

Narrow strands of cytoplasm connecting cells

A

Plasmodesmata

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13
Q

Thinner areas of cell wall containing many plasmodesmata

A

Primary pit fields

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14
Q

Membrane-bound sac, makes up 95% of cell

A

Vacuole

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15
Q

1-layer membrane around vacuole

A

Tonoplast

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16
Q

Vacuole pressure on cell

A

Turgor pressure

17
Q

Inner membrane of chloroplast embedded with pigments

A

Thylakoids

18
Q

Embedded in thylakoids, photosynthesis

A

Chlorophyll

19
Q

Stacks of thylakoids

A

Granna stacks

20
Q

Y/O/R chloroplast pigments

A

Carotenoids

21
Q

Space enclosed by chloroplast inner membrane

A

Stroma

22
Q

A double-membrane organelle; what’s the inheritance?

A

Plastid, inherited maternally except in gymnosperms

23
Q

Embryonic plastids

A

Proplastids

24
Q

Synthesize and store carotenoids

A

Chromoplasts

25
Q

Synthesize and store starch

A

Amyloplasts

26
Q

Synthesize and store oil

A

Elaioplasts

27
Q

Endosymbiotic Hypothesis

A

Free-living bacteria engulfed others that became organelles

28
Q

Autogenous Hypothesis

A

Outer membrane invaginated, forming organelles

29
Q

Hormone that causes acid secretion for cell growth

A

Auxin

30
Q

pH dependent proteins that break down cell wall bonds

A

Pectinase and cellulase

31
Q

Tall growth hormone

A

Giberellin

32
Q

Short growth hormone

A

Ethylene

33
Q

Half-developed cells can be changed to different cells

A

Totipotent

34
Q

Returning to meristematic state

A

Dedifferentiation

Plant Biology (15 decks)

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