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Plant Biology > Stems and Leaves > Flashcards

Stems and Leaves Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Major functions of stems

A

Support, transport, storage, photosynthesis

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2
Q

Determines the pattern of tissues and organs in the plant

A

Shoot tip

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3
Q

Concentric cylinders vascular arrangement

A

Ring of xylem and a ring of phloem in concentric circles

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4
Q

Name for the vascular cylinders of both xylem and phloem in concentric arrangement

A

Stele

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5
Q

Ring of vascular bundles arrangement

A

Ring of bundles of xylem inside and phloem outside

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6
Q

Name for area between 2 vascular bundles in ring arrangement

A

Interfascicular region

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7
Q

Scattered vascular bundles

A

Xylem and phloem bundles scattered and randomly oriented

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8
Q

Copies of SAM at junction of leaf and stem

A

Axillary buds

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9
Q

Horizontally oriented stem functioning in asexual reproduction

A

Stolon

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10
Q

Modified stem that has twining shoots that coil and attach to objects

A

Tendrils

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11
Q

Modified stem into a spiny protruberance

A

Thorns

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12
Q

Whole stem modified for water storage

A

Succulent stems

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13
Q

Flattened, photosynthetic stem that can break off for asexual repo

A

Cladodes/cladophylls

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14
Q

Underground modded stem that never elongates, highly condensed nodes, and fleshy leaves

A

Bulbs

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15
Q

Underground modded stem that’s horizontal, near or below surface

A

Rhizome

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16
Q

Underground modded stem that’s vertical, for storage and asexual repo

A

Corm

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17
Q

Underground modded stem that’s the swollen tip of a stolon, for storage and asex

A

Tuber

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18
Q

Plant part that attaches leaf to stem

A

Petiole

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19
Q

Word for a leaf with no petiole

A

Cessile

20
Q

Plant part that attaches leaflets of a leaf

A

Petiolule

21
Q

Node where leaflets attach

A

Rachis

22
Q

Compound leaf where all leaflets arise from common point

A

Palmate

23
Q

Compound leaf where leaflets arise from several locations on elongated rachis

A

Pinnate

24
Q

Word for the arrangement of leaves

A

Phyllotaxis

25
Q

3 types of Phyllotaxis

A

Opposite
Alternate
Whorled

26
Q

Palisade Mesophyll

A

1-cell thick, columnar, upper side of leaf, many chloroplasts

27
Q

Spongy Mesophyll

A

Irregular cells with 70% of the space in region empty to facilitate CO2 diffusion

28
Q

Ring of parenchyma around vascular bundle

A

Bundle sheath

29
Q

Leaf in sun

A

Smaller, thicker cuticles, more palisade Mesophyll

30
Q

Shade leaf

A

Bigger, thinner, thinner palisade, maybe chloroplasts in epidermis

31
Q

Leaf morphology adapted to neither extreme

A

Mesophytes

32
Q

Leaf morphology adapted to extreme dry

A

Xerophytes

33
Q

Leaf morphology adapted to wet/underwater

A

Hydrophytes

34
Q

Xerophyte characteristics

A

Small thick leaves, large vacuoles, stomates in pits, much support to prevent dessication

35
Q

Hydrophyte characteristics

A

Thin, large surface area, no cuticle, lack stomata or stomata on top, less developed parenchyma

36
Q

Modded leaf for storage

A

Storage leaves

37
Q

Modded leaf into sharp protuberance

A

Spine

38
Q

Leaf mods for protecting SAM

A

Bud scales, bracts

39
Q

Modded leaves for better floral display

A

Attractive leaves

40
Q

Modded leaves for climbing(same name as stem)

A

Tendrils

41
Q

Modded leaves for trapping water or bugs

A

Trap leaves

42
Q

Modded leaves for reproduction

A

Reproductive leaves

43
Q

Hormones that stimulate abscission

A

Auxin, ethylene

44
Q

Two layers of abscission zone

A

Separation

Protection

45
Q

Major functions of leaves

A

Photosynthesis
Gas exchange
Storage
Vegetative propagation

Plant Biology (15 decks)

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