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Dermatology > Structure and Function 3 and 4 > Flashcards

Structure and Function 3 and 4 Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What forms the interface between the dermis and epidermis?

A

Dermo-epidermal junction

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2
Q

What are the key roles of the dermo-epidermal junction?

A

Support, anchorage, growth and differentiation of basal cells Semi-permeable membrane (barrier and filter) Wound healing

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the dermo-epidermal junction, from superficial to deep?

A
  • Lamina lucida - Lamina densa - Sub lamina densa zone
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4
Q

What are two conditions which affect the DE junction?

A

Bullous pemphigoid Epidermolysis bullosa

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5
Q

What is bullous pemphigoid?

A

Autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the proteins in the DE junction

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6
Q

Who does bullous pemphigoid occur in?

A

Older people, especially those with a history of stroke/Parkinson’s

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7
Q

How do you test and treat for bullous pemphigoid?

A

Test: immunofluorescence for antibodies to the basal membrane Treat: oral steroids

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8
Q

What is epidermolysis bullosa?

A

Inherited genetic problem at the DE junction

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9
Q

What does the dermis mainly contain? What is the function of these?

A

Fibroblasts- producing collagen

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10
Q

As well as fibroblasts, what other cells can be found in the dermis?

A

Macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes and Langerhan’s cells

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11
Q

What structures are found in the dermis?

A

Muscles, blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves

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12
Q

Why does photoaging occur?

A

Collagen is broken down and lost

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13
Q

What is angioma?

A

Overgrowth of blood vessels

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14
Q

What is neurofibromatosis?

A

A rare genetic condition causing overgrowth of nerve endings or neural tissue

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15
Q

Lymphatics of the skin allows continuous drainage of what?

A

Plasma proteins, cells and excess fluids

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16
Q

What are the important functions of the lymphatics of the skin?

A

Immune surveillance by lymphocytes and Langerhan’s cells Channelling microorganisms and toxins

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17
Q

Are problems with skin lymphatics easy to fix?

A

No, this is almost impossible

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18
Q

What two types of nerves can be found in the skin?

A

Somatic sensory (dermatomes) Autonomic

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19
Q

What types of somatic sensory receptors are found in the skin?

A

Free nerve endings (fine touch) Pacinian for pressure Meissner’s for vibration

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20
Q

Autonomic nerves in the skin supply what?

A

Blood vessels, nerves and glands

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21
Q

What are hair follicles known as?

A

A pilosebaceous unit

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22
Q

What is acne?

A

An abnormality of the pilosebaceous unit where the sebaceous gland gets blocked

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23
Q

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

A

Control moisture loss and protect from fungal infections

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24
Q

As well as the sebaceous glands, what other gland develops as part of the pilosebaceous unit?

A

Apocrine glands

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25
Q

Deficiency of what can cause problems with hair growth?

A

Iron

26
Q

Where are sebaceous glands most common?

A

Across the face and chest

27
Q

What do the sebaceous glands secrete? Into where?

A

Secrete sebum into the pilar canal

28
Q

What activates the sebaceous glands? When?

A

Hormones- once puberty has started

29
Q

Where are apocrine glands found?

A

Genital regions, especially axillae and perineum

30
Q

What hormone are apocrine glands dependent on?

A

Androgens

31
Q

What do apocrine glands produce?

A

An oily fluid which causes an odour

32
Q

What is the function of apocrine glands?

A

Unknown

33
Q

What are eccrine glands and where are they found?

A

Sweat glands, found all over the skin surface but especially the palms, soles and axillae

34
Q

What is the nerve supply to eccrine glands? What stimulates them?

A

Sympathetic, cholinergic nerve supply Mental, thermal and taste stimulation

35
Q

Eccrine glands allow reabsorption of what?

A

NaCl and HCO3

36
Q

What is the function of eccrine glands?

A

Cool by evaporation, moisten the palms/soles to aid grip

37
Q

What condition does this show?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

38
Q

What condition does this show?

A

Epidermolysis bullosa

39
Q

What does this photo show?

A

Photoaging

40
Q

What does this picture show?

A

Angioma

41
Q

What does this picture show?

A

Lymphoedema

42
Q

What does this picture show?

A

Pacinian corpsucles

43
Q

What condition does this picture show?

A

Neurofibromatosis

44
Q

What condition does this picture show?

A

Alopecia areata

45
Q

What condition does this picture show?

A

Acne

46
Q
A
47
Q

What are the 6 main functions of the skin?

A
  • Barrier function
  • Metabolism
  • Imune defence
  • Thermoregulation
  • Communication
  • Sensory function
48
Q

What can happen if the barrier function of the skin fails?

A
  • Water loss and dehydration
  • Protein loss and hypoalbuminaemia
  • Infection
49
Q

The skin is involved in whcih two metabolic processes?

A

Vitamin D and thyroid hormone metabolism

50
Q

What do the warm and cold thermoreceptors on the skin allow?

A

They allow us to make behavioural changes such as sweating, shivering and vasodilation/constriction

51
Q

Is the skin involved in specific or non-specific immune defence or both?

A

Mainly non-specific, but involved in specific to antigens which have already been encountered

52
Q

What is toxic epidermal necrosis?

A

Acute skin failure, most commonly caused by drugs. There is a lot of fluid loss, causing the epidermis to come off the dermis

53
Q

What is steroid sulphatase deficiency?

A

X-linked disease which can occur as a side effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (cholesterol medication)

54
Q

What is eczema herpeticum?

A

Disseminated herpes virus infection

55
Q

What are crusted scabies and what makes them different to scabies?

A

They occur in people who are immunocompromised- there are many more mites than normal, making them more infectious

56
Q

What does this picture show?

A

Toxic epidermal necrosis

57
Q

What does this picture show?

A

Erythroderma

58
Q
A
59
Q

What does this picture show?

A

Steroid sulphatase deficiency

60
Q

What does this picture show?

A

Crusted scabies

61
Q

What does this picture show?

A

Eczema herpeticum

62
Q
A

Dermatology (15 decks)

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