Anatomy Flashcards
Where would you feel the bifurcation of the carotid artery?
Anterior to the SCM at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage
Where would you feel the brachial artery?
Medial to the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa
Where would you feel the radial artery?
Lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis
Where would you feel the femoral artery?
Inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
Where would you feel the popliteal artery?
In the popliteal fossa
Where would you feel the posterior tibial artery?
Between the posterior border of the medial malleolus and the achilles tendon
Where would you feel the dorsals pedis artery?
Medial to the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus
What are some causes of reduced arterial perfusion pressure?
Left ventricular failure, arterial bleed, aneurysm rupture, occlusion of a lumen, external compression
What are some causes of increased venous drainage?
Right or congestive heart failure, DVT, external compression
Which subset of veins is larger and thicker?
Deep
Where do superficial veins drain into?
Deep veins
Deep veins are often found within what?
Neurovascular bundles, accompanying arteries
What is the superficial fascia made of?
Loose connective tissue and fat
What does the superficial fascia contain?
Superficial blood vessels, lymphatics, sweat glands, cutaneous nerves
What is the deep fascia made of?
Dense connective tissue
Which fascia divides the limbs into compartments?
Deep
What are the names of the superficial fascias of the upper limb?
Pectoral fascia, deltoid fascia, brachial fascia and ante-brachial fascia
What is the fascia of the thigh known as?
Fascia lata
What is the fascia of the leg known as?
Crural fascia
What are the superficial veins of the upper limb?
Cephalic vein and basilic vein
Where does the cephalic vein arise from?
Dorsal venous network
Which aspect of the upper limb does the cephalic vein supply?
Lateral
Where does the cephalic vein drain?
Axillary vein
Where does the basilic vein arise from?
Dorsal venous network
Which aspect of the upper limb does the basilic vein supply?
Medial
Where does the basilic vein drain into?
Brachial vein
What are the superficial veins of the lower limb?
Great and small saphenous veins
Where does the great saphenous vein arise from?
Dorsal venous arch
Which aspect of the lower limb does the great saphenous vein supply?
Medial
Where does the great saphenous vein drain into?
Femoral vein
Where does the small saphenous vein arise from?
Dorsal venous arch
Which aspect of the lower limb does the small saphenous vein supply?
Posterior midline of the leg
Where does the small saphenous vein drain into?
Popliteal vein
Venous blood normally flows from superficial to deep veins through what?
Perforating veins
Malfunctioning venous valves cause what to occur?
Blood back flows into superficial veins which causes then to become weak and dilated until they varicose
What must occur to form a DVT, PE or venous ulceration?
Immobility or venous valve failure
The lymphatics of the upper and lower limbs generally follow what other structures?
Veins
Lymph which follows the superficial veins of the upper limb arise from where?
Plexuses in the fingers and hands
Through which lymph nodes does lymph following the basilic vein pass?
Cubital lymph nodes, humeral axillary nodes
Through which lymph nodes does lymph following the cephalic vein pass?
To apical axillary nodes
Where does lymph following the deep veins of the upper limb drain into?
Humeral axillary nodes
Where do axillary nodes drain into?
Subclavian nodes
In the lower limb, lymph which follows the great saphenous vein passes through which nodes?
Superficial inguinal, external iliac or deep inguinal nodes
In the lower limb, lymph which follows the small saphenous vein passes through which nodes?
Popliteal nodes, deep inguinal nodes, external iliac nodes
In the lower limb, lymph which follows the deep veins passes through which nodes?
Popliteal nodes, deep inguinal nodes, external iliac nodes
Where do external iliac nodes drain into?
Common iliac nodes and then into lumbar nodes
