Key Points and Buzzwords

Question 1

What is this a histology image of?

What other feature would be seen on histology which cannot be seen here (a feature of the epidermis)?

Answer 1

Viral warts

Papillomatosis

Question 2

What is this a histology section of?

Answer 2

Psoriasis

Question 3

What is this a histology section of?

Answer 3

Bullous pemphigoid

Question 4

What is this a histology section of?

Answer 4

Pemphigus vulgaris

Question 5

A build up of what occurs in PCT type 1?

Answer 5

Uroporphyrinogen III

(because there is no uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase)

Question 6

What could be the cause for a child crying when in direct sunlight?

Answer 6

Erythropoietic protoporphyria

Question 7

What is there a build up of in erythropoietic protoporphyria?

What enzyme is deficient?

Answer 7

Photoporphyrin IX

Ferrochelatase

Question 8

Abdo pain, painful urination, psychiatric signs, fast pulse, high BP are symptoms suggesting which porphyria?

What is there a build up of?

Answer 8

Acute intermittent porphyria

Porphyrobilinogen

Question 9

Onycholysis [nail detachment], blistering of sun exposed skin, hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis [abnormal body hair growth]) are symtoms suggestive of which type of porphyria?

Answer 9

PCT Type 1

Question 10

Painful photosensitivity, burning/itching sensation are suggestive of which type of porphyria?

Answer 10

Erythropoietic protoporphyria

Question 11

What is the first line treatment for acne rosacea?

Answer 11

Topical metronidazole

Question 12

What is the first line treatment for acne vulgaris?

Answer 12

Topical benzyl peroxide

Question 13

How is psoriasis diagnosed?

Answer 13

Clinical diagnosis +/- biopsy

Question 14

What is the first line treatment for psoriasis?

Answer 14

Topical corticosteroid

Topical vitamin D3 analogue

Question 15

Thyroid disease and malignancy can cause what type of itch?

Answer 15

Neurogenic

Question 16

How are autoimmune blistering diseases e.g. pemphigus diagnosed?

Answer 16

Biopsy with immunofluorescence

Question 17

What group of drugs can commonly precipitate TEN?

Answer 17

Antibiotics

Question 18

Most likely cause of itchy red and dry hands during surgical block of a student with atopic eczema?

Answer 18

Allergic contact dermatitis - type IV reaction

Question 19

What cell is responsible for vitamin D metabolism?

Answer 19

Keratinocytes

Question 20

Stuck on appearance

Answer 20

Seborrhoeic keratosis

Question 21

Picket fence pearly border/translucent, slow growing lump or non-healing ulcer

Answer 21

BCC

Question 22

Chronic UV exposure/hyperkeratotic (crusted) lump or ulcer

Answer 22

SCC

Question 23

red, scaly patch – old womens leg

Answer 23

Bowen’s disease

Question 24

Genetic skin condition – dry and flaky skin – very high risk of skin cancer at young age

Answer 24

Xeroderma pigmentosum

Question 25

Type of UV exposure in Scotland

Answer 25

UVA

Question 26

Most damaging form of UV radiation

Answer 26

UVB

Question 27

Name some phototoxic drugs

Answer 27

Variconazole (anti-fungal) Thiazides NSAIDs Anti-TNF Azathioprine

Question 28

What type of naevi shows inflammatory regression?

Answer 28

Halo naevi

Question 29

What disease is associated with dermatitis herpetiformis?

Answer 29

Coeliac

Question 30

What diseases can be associated with erythema nodosum?

Answer 30

Most commonly sarcoidosis TB IBD

Question 31

Erythematous bullseye lesion

Answer 31

Erythema migrans (Lyme disease)

Question 32

Ash leaf spots/shagreen patches/childhood seizures/fibromas/bone cysts

Answer 32

Tuberus sclerosis

Question 33

Honey coloured crust What does this describe and what can cause it?

Answer 33

Impetigo Staph Aureus or GAS

Question 34

Cafe au lait macules

Answer 34

Neurofibromatosis type 1/2

Question 35

Silver scales, extensor surfaces

Answer 35

Psoriasis

Question 36

Small, umbilicated, translucent papules that look fluid-filled but are solid

Answer 36

Molluscum contagiosum

Question 37

Flaccid blisters than can be burst easily to form erythematous erosions

Answer 37

Pemphigus vulgaris

Question 38

associated with acantholysis

Answer 38

Pemphigus vulgaris

Question 39

Large tense bullae that are itchy and cannot be burst

Answer 39

Bullous pemphigoid

Question 40

Heliotrope rash and scaly knuckles These patients are at increased risk of what?

Answer 40

Dermatomyositis Malignancy

Question 41

Fish scale skin

Answer 41

Ichthyosis

Question 42

Filaggrin gene/commonest monogenic skin disorder/most common form of ichthyosis

Answer 42

Ichthyosis vulgaris

Question 43

Velvety thickened lesions in axillae

Answer 43

Acanthosis nigricans

Question 44

Target lesion

Answer 44

Erythema multiforme

Question 45

Epidermal necrosis with minimal inflammation/life-threatening exfoliative mucocutaneous diseases

Answer 45

SJS TEN

Question 46

Monomorphic punched out lesions

Answer 46

Eczema herpeticum

Question 47

Deep infection along fascial planes/severe pain

Answer 47

Necrotising fasciitis

Question 48

Koebners phenomenon

Answer 48

New lesions of psoriasis that form at sites of trauma

Question 49

Gene mutation in atopic eczema

Answer 49

Filaggrin

Question 50

Small widespread(salmon pink/red) lesions 2-3 weeks after a strep throat infection

Answer 50

Guttate psoriasis

Question 51

Crusting of the skin in patient with eczema

Answer 51

Staph aureus infection

Question 52

Eczema on the hands and feet causing tiny blisters and irritation

Answer 52

Pomphylex eczema

Question 53

Leg ulcer found around malleolus –medial/lateral –shallow edges ‘like a beach’

Answer 53

Venous ulcer

Question 54

Leg ulcer found around areas of high pressure

Answer 54

Arterial ulcer

Question 56

Where do dermatophytes live?

Answer 56

Keratinised sites (hair, nails, skin)

Question 57

Which dermatophye infection must be treated with systemic drugs?

Answer 57

Tinea capitus

Question 58

History of pruritus which is worse at night and after hot showers. Erythematous, pimple like papules with linear tracks

Answer 58

Scabies

Question 59

What is epidermolysis bullosa?

Answer 59

Breakdown of anchoring between the epidermis and dermis

Question 60

Cauliflower appearance

Answer 60

Plantar warts

Question 61

Kaposi's sarcoma

Answer 61

HIV, immunosuppressed (transplant)