Dermatitis/Eczema Flashcards
What are some features of acute phase eczema?
Papulovesicular, red erythematous rash, oedema, ooze, scaling, crusting
What are some features of chronic eczema?
Lichenification (thickening), elevated plaques, increased scaling
What are the 4 main features of an eczema rash?
Itchy, ill-defined, erythematous, scaly
What is the main histological feature of eczema?
Spongiosis
What is the pathogenesis of contact allergic dermatitis?
Delayed type IV reaction
What is the pathogenesis of contact irritant dermatitis?
Trauma
What is the pathogenesis of atopic eczema?
Genetic and environmental factors resulting in inflammation
Drug related dermatitis can be what types of reaction?
Type I or IV
What is the pathogenesis of photosensitive eczema?
Reaction to UV light
What is the pathogenesis of lichen simplex eczema?
Physical trauma to the skin through scratching
What is the pathogenesis of stasis eczema?
Physical trauma to the skin through hydrostatic pressure
Will contact allergic dermatitis have an effect the first time an individual is exposed to the antigen?
No, it will occur on subsequent antigen exposure
How are substances causing contact allergic dermatitis identified?
Patch testing
Describe contact irritant dermatitis?
Non-specific physical irritation rather than a specific allergic reaction
What is nappy rash?
A contact irritant dermatitis to urine
Which type of eczema is most likely to have occupational implications?
Contact irritant
Itch is a major feature of atopic eczema. What are some consequences that this can have?
Can cause sleep disturbance which can cause neurocognitive impairment
Along with itch, what are some other features of atopic eczema?
Ill-defined erythema, scaling and generalised dry skin
What is the distribution of atopic eczema?
Flexural
What other diseases is atopic eczema also associated with?
Other atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (hay fever), asthma and food allergies
What are some chronic changes of atopic eczema?
Lichenification, excoriation, secondary infection
Crusting of atopic eczema can often indicate what?
Staph aureus infection
Where will atopic eczema be seen in infants?
Cheeks and extensor surfaces
What is eczema herpeticum? What does it look like?
An infection in atopic eczema caused by HSV. Monomorphic punched out lesions.
What is the UK diagnostic criteria for eczema?
Itch, plus 3 or more of the following: visible flexural rash, history of a flexural rash, personal history of atopy (or family history if < 4), general dry skin, onset < 2 years
What is the first line therapy for atopic eczema?
Emollients and avoidance of triggers
What is the 2nd line therapy for atopic eczema?
Topical steroid
What are some more severe treatment options for atopic eczema?
Phototherapy (UVB), immunosuppressants
What is the main gene implicated in atopic eczema?
Filaggrin
What is discoid eczema?
Patches of eczema which form in circles
What is a common clinical sign of photosensitive eczema?
Cut off at the collar
How may stasis eczema appear?
With prominent veins
What is pompholyx eczema?
Spongiotic vesicles on the hands
What is seborrhoea dermatitis?
A light rash on a baby’s head
If topical steroids are not used as 2nd line therapy for atopic eczema, what is another option?
Calineurin inhibitor
What management should occur if there is eczema herpeticum?
Hospitalisation (IV acyclovir)
If there is infection of eczema, what would be the first line antibiotic? How would this be given?
Flucloxacillin (topical if localised, oral if extensive)
