Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Thought, Sense and Movement > Structure and Biochemistry of Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Structure and Biochemistry of Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What embryological tissue is connective tissue derived from?

A

Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What properties define connective tissues?

A

Cells positioned far apart, surrounded by extra-cellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the major cell type found in most connective tissues?

A

Fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What extra-cellular matrix is produced by fibroblasts?

A

Fibres containing collagen and elastin

Ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up ground substance?

A

Water and proteoglycans and metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are osteocytes found?

A

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are chodrocytes found?

A

Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are adipocytes found?

A

Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which connective tissue cell type proliferates in response to injury?

A

Fibroblasts (immature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are mesenchymal cells?

A

Undifferentiated stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of adipocytes and what are the two types, and from which cell do they develop?

A

Adipocytes synthesise and store lipids
Unilocular adipocytes = White cells
Multilocular adipocytes = Brown cells (high in neonates)
Develop from mesenchymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the two types of soft connective tissue?

A

Loose (low collagen)

Dense (high collagen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the subdivisions of loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar (gas exchange)
Adipose
Reticular (lymph/liver/spleen)
Synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe synovial fluid?

A

High in blood plasma, it contains hyaluronan and glycoproteins (proteoglycan aggregates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the subdivisions of dense connective tissue?

A

Irregular - dermis of skin

Regular (high in collagen and vit C) - including tendons/ligaments/fibrous capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name and describe the three types of skeletal connective tissue?

A

Bone - haversian/woven
Cartilidge - hyaline/elastic/fibrocartilage
Dental - Dentine/enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe osteoarthritis?

A

Acts on hyaline cartilage
Slow degeneration
Wear and tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Acts on synovial membrane/hyaline cartilage
It is an autoimmune disorder
It is aggressive in progression

19
Q

Tendonitis of the lateral epicondyle is commonly referred to as?

A

Tennis elbow

20
Q

Tendonitis of the medial epicondyle is commonly referred to as?

A

Golfer’s elbow

21
Q

Where is type I collagen found?

A

Ubiquitous (everywhere) - including bone

22
Q

Where is type II collagen found?

A

Main component in cartilage formation

Vitreous humour of the eye

23
Q

Where is type VI collagen found?

A

Basal laminae

24
Q

In hyaline cartilage what do proteoglycans provide?

A

Flexibility and resilience to compression

25
Q

In hyaline cartilage what do collagen fibres provide?

A

Rigidity and tensile strength

26
Q

Where and how does hyaline cartilage obtain nutirents?

A

Comes from the synovial fluid and subcondral bone

Via accelerated diffusion

27
Q

What does accelerated diffuse dependent upon?

A

Mobilisation of the joint

28
Q

How does osteoarthritis lead to chondrocyte matrix breakdown?

A

Relieves the set constant pressure that the chonrocytes require to maintain their structure

29
Q

What substances is collagen made up of?

A

Glycine
Proline/hydroxyproline
Hydroxylysine

30
Q

Pro-collagen is converted via pro-collagen peptides into what?

A

Tropo-collagen

31
Q

Defects in the pro-collagen peptides can lead to which condition?

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII

32
Q

What secondary protein structure makes up collagen?

A

Type II - trans helix (with hydrogen bonds)

33
Q

Vit C deficiency can lead to which condition?

A

Scurvy

34
Q

Collagen is structurally stabilised via lysine residue reactions and lysyl oxidase, a defect in lysyl oxidase leads to what conditions?

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrom type V

SCAD

35
Q

What is the protein to carbohydrate ratio in proteoglycans?

A

10:90

36
Q

Name the type of proteoglycan primarily found in cartilage?

A

Aggrecan

37
Q

Name the and describe the short glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains found on aggrecan?

A

Keratan-sulphate
Galactose-GlucNac
Every other sugar has a negative charge

38
Q

Name the and describe the long glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains found on aggrecan?

A

Chondroitan-6-sulphate
Glucoronic acid-GlucNac
Every sugar is negatively charged

39
Q

What part of the proteoglycan interacts with hyluronan and via which type of chemical bond?

A

G1 N-terminal

Ionic bond

40
Q

How do proteoglycan aggregates present in the extracellular matrix?

A

Multimolecular aggregates with very high negative charge

41
Q

What is the function of proteoglycan aggregates?

A

Retention of water in the extracellular matrix

42
Q

Describe the term ‘swelling pressure’?

A

Proteoglycans are restrained from swelling by the tight collagen meshwork, creating a pressure

43
Q

Describe the ‘dampening effect’?

A

Bottle-brushes of proteoglycans sliding past each other causing a large frictional drag - the cartilage deforms slowly and gradually under the load

Thought, Sense and Movement (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions