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Bacteriology > Structure > Flashcards

Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What prevents bursting due to turgor

A

Cell wall

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2
Q

Which bact don’t have a cell wall

A

Mollicutes

Usually IC so in rel isotonic enviro

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3
Q

G-ve

A

Outer lipid mem cont LPS, Peptidoglycan layer, inner
Mem
Less rigidity
More impervious

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4
Q

G+ve

A

Thicker peptidoglycan layer cont anionic polymer eg teichoic acid, inner mem
Physically stronger
More permeable

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5
Q

Peptidoglycan layer comp and assembly

A

Chains of alternating NAM and NAG residues, regularly xlinked via peptide bridges to form rigid permeable mesh
Assembly by PBP enz (activity blocked by beta lactam antibios)

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6
Q

LPS fx

A

Hydrophobic barrier,
Resist phagocytosis
Lipid A component is a key PAMP recog by TLR4 (so known as an endotoxin)

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7
Q

Acid fast bact

A

Similar cw to G+ve with additional components alter staining prop so acid not removed initial stain so stain pink (non acid fast stain blue)

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8
Q

Capsule fx

A

Protect from dessication as is highly hydrated and from host defence as can affect large molecule diffusion and exclude them from cw
Can loosely bind bact cells together in colonies/biofilms

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9
Q

Capsule struct

A 
Protective polysacc gel
Some bact (eg bacillis anthracis) make with pp instead
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10
Q

S layer fx and bact

A

Bacillus anthracis
Campylobacter
Avoidance of host d
Adherence to host cells

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11
Q

Inner mem synonym

A

Cytoplasmic mem
Plasma mem
Elastic lipid mem

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12
Q

CM struct and fx

A

PL bilayer cont transmem pros and apparatus necessary for E production and nutrient transport
Highly hydrophobic and doesnt allow hudrophillic molecule diffusion so transmem transport dep on spec or non spec transport system.
Cont pros for assembling the Cw and is an attachment point for the chromosome

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13
Q

Organelles and metabolism

A

No mem enclosed organelles like euk cells

Does have spatial regulation of metabolic activities and incr evidence of cytoskel

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14
Q

Flagella comp

A

Filamentous pro polymer Pro sub units assemble to form helical structure embedded in CM and CW
ATP cause rotation and drive bact in resp to CM sensor activation (chemotaxis)

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15
Q

Flagella fx

A

Motility
Pros distinct from other cell pros so ID-able (salmonella and listeria)
(monomers recog by TLR5)
Can work as initial adhesin

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16
Q

Campylobacter flagella special fx

A

Can export pros out through flagella

17
Q

Other motility forms than flagella

A

Endoflagella - corkscrew
Twitching
Gliding

18
Q

Fimbriae/pili comp

A

Hair-like adhesins

19
Q

Fimbriae pili fx

A

Bind to spec host cell surf rec, ECm components and EC ligands
Some specialised pili involved in coniugation

20
Q

Other adhesion methods than pili

A

Inserted non filamentous pros that can act as adhesins

Other pros in cell wall can bind spec nutrients and form pores in outer mem

21
Q

EC factors

A

Enzymes
Toxins
Effector pros

22
Q

Why secr system required

A

Export pros and put pros into cell wall or build cell surface organelles

23
Q

Sec system

A

Gen secr pathway that all bact have
Export pros in unfolded state
Req ATP
Exports most pros found in CM periplasm and CW and struct pros for other secr systemsb

24
Q

Anchoring of exported pros in G+ve

A

Anchored to Peptidoglycan CW by sortase A which recog and cleave signal on the pro to be anchored

25
Q

Anchoring of exported pros in G-ve

A

Must transport into and through outer mem too

26
Q

Describe type 1 systems

A

2/3 pros form channelto export pros straight from cyt to EC
Use ATP to drive
Eg haemolysin export e.coli

27
Q

Type 2 system

A

Chaperone-usher system

Used to assemble pili in outer mem

28
Q

Type 3 system

A

Allow direct export cytoplasm to host cell so direct conduit built between 2 cells
Prod needle on bact surf that create pore in host cell
ATP used to export effector pro which can manipulate host cell fx for bact benefit
Flagella assembly occur similarly
Found in many G-ve pathogens: salmonella chlamydia escherichia

29
Q

Type 4 system

A

Allow direct transport out (sometimes into host cell)

Incl bact conjucation systems eg VirB syst of Brucella abortus (used while bact present within host cell)

30
Q

Type 5 system

A

Autotransporters
Single pro exported into periplasm by Sec system
Then orchestrate pore formation into outer mem sometimes with cleavage of a peptide that can act away from bact cell eg OM adhesins

31
Q

Type 6 system

A

Homologous to sytem used by bacteriophage

Appear to be used by bact to inject factors to fight off other bact and virulence factor secr to target euk cell

32
Q

Type 7 system

A

Mainly by acid fast to export CW assoc and secr factors

Mycobact assoc

33
Q

Other secr method

A

Producing outer mem vesicles and by lysis

34
Q

TLR1

A

Lipopeptides

35
Q

TLR2

A

Lipopro and lipoteichoic acid

36
Q

TLR6

A

Lipopeptide

37
Q

TLR9

A

Motif in bact DNA (unmethylated repeated CG)

38
Q

TLR 13

A

Spec bact ribosomal RNA seq

Bacteriology (15 decks)

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