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Bacteriology > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Problem of fungi being euk

A

Fewer antifungal reagents

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2
Q

Classification

A

Traditionally on absence or presence and type of sexual spore

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3
Q

Ascomycota

A

Septate hyphae

Eg candida, aspergillus

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4
Q

Basidiomycota

A

Septate hyphae

Eg cryptococcus

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5
Q

Zygomycota

A

Non-septate hyphae

Eg mucor, mortierella

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6
Q

Chytridiomycota

A

Non-septate hyphae

Eg algal parasites

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7
Q

Fungi and discrim of pathogenic fungi

A

Usually aerobes with optimum growth of 20-30 degrees. An indication of a pathogenic fungi would be the ability to grow at 37 degrees
Divided into yeasts moulds and dimorphs

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8
Q

Yeasts

A

Unicellular but larger than bact
Oval/round G+ve
Repro by budding, can form spores
May form from a projection/germ tube from parent

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9
Q

Mould

A

Filamentous
Grow parrallel and close to surface
Branches mat to form an interconnected or vegetative mycelium which can be cms long

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10
Q

Hyphae

A

Septate or nonseptate
Septation often incomplete so have small central pore so organelles or nuclei can pass
Under certain conditions perpendicular hyphae produced. At tips of these conidiophores are formed cont conidia (asex spores)

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11
Q

Dimorphism

A

Most pathogenic fungi
Transition between 2 forms dep on enviro:
Yeast in tissue/37 degrees
Mould outside host/lower temp

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12
Q

CW struct

A

Cont chitin mannopto and beta glucans

Also have a plasmolemma (CM) cont sterol: ergosterol

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13
Q

Condiophore

A

Specialised conidia prod hyphae

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14
Q

Conidium

A

Asex spore form at tip and sides of hyphae

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15
Q

Arthrospores

A

Asex spores form within hyphae

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16
Q

Chlamydospores

A

Asex res thick walled spores

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17
Q

Sporangium

A

Closed struct cont sporangiospores

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18
Q

Blastoconidia

A

Buds that arise from yeast

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19
Q

Types of fungal dis

A

Contag cut dis: ringworm caused by dermatophytes
Cut or muc infections
Systemic or tissue infections
Sensitization: allergic react to fungal product
Mycotoxic dis: ingest preformed toxic products

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20
Q

Ringworm transfer

A

From one animal to another by conidiospore infection usually
Can be zoonotic
Some species show host spec others dont

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21
Q

Basic ringworm tissue destruct

A

Fungi can hydrolyse keratin for growth and gen restricted to living in cornified non living keratin layer and appendages

22
Q

Ring worm caused by

A

Dermatophytes: mainly microsporum and trichophyton

23
Q

Ringworm host response

A

Causes lesions as much as fungi virulence factors
Causes spread of dermatophytes away from infectious focus toward normal hide/skin
Gives circular ring appearance

24
Q

Ring worm pathogenesis

A

Minor trauma key to infect intro
Conidia or hyphae fragments introduces to stratum corneum germinate and prolif
Hyphae
Invade wall of hair follicles and eventually emerge into follicular canal
Penetrate hair cortex
Hyphal prolif and conidia form in peripilat space and cortex

25
Q

Keratinase collagenase and elastase role in ringworm

A

Contrib to spread and damage to hairs

26
Q

Ringworm diagnosis

A

Microscopy or culture
M canis most difficult and req culture to diagnose
Many (not canis) can be diagnosed by fluorescence under UV light

27
Q

Hair plucking or scraping of ringworm preparation

A

Made using DMSO and KOH to digest pro debris and give clearer image then scrapings plated onto selective agar

28
Q

Candida albicans

A

Grows as budding yeast prod pseudohyphae in animal tissue

Present in small no on skin and muc surf

29
Q

Candida predisp factors to infection

A

Depression of normal flora

Nutrition, imm or management factors

30
Q

Candida thrush sysmptoms

A

Prod localised pyogenic lesions in mouth intestine or genital tract
Infect on muc mem charct by white grey pseudomembranous inflam patches

31
Q

Candida virulence factors

A

Prod EC toxin and enz eg neuraminidase and proteases

32
Q

Candida other infections to thrush

A 
Crop mycosis young chickens and turkeys
Mastitis in cows
Enteritis and mycotic stomatitis in young cats and dogs
Genital infection in horses and primates
Systemic infections rare
33
Q

Candida diagnosis

A

Suggestive lesion presence and direct microscopy

Soft creamy colonies on Sabouraud agar after 24-48hr and demo of large chlamydospores

34
Q

Cyrptococcus neoformans

A

Budding yeast of variable size
Not produce pseudohyphae
Dogs cats foxes horses ferrets guinea pigs and some birds potentially humans
Have large capsule and prod shiny slimy colonies of Sabouraud agar initially white then dev a yellow brown tinge

35
Q

Cyrptococcus neoformans infection route and cause

A

Inhalation with 1o infect in resp syst, pharynx and paranasal sinuses
Can dissem to CNS resulting in yeast like cells detected in CSF or in 1p infection pus

36
Q

Malassezia pachydermatis

A

Commensal on oily areas of dogs skin and ears
Usually isolated alone or with certain bact as cause of canine otitis externa
Yeast recog from lesions due to russian doll appearance
Can also cause chronic dermatitis

37
Q

Systemic and tissue mycoses causes and found

A

Geograph isolated
1o pathogens
Non in UK
All dimorphic

38
Q

Dimorphic fungi appearance

A

Grow as mould with hyphae externally as saprophytes. Appears more stable form
Yeast like internally

39
Q

Dimorphic fungi targets

A

Many target lungs but some have more gen spread

Some are highly contagious to humans

40
Q

Aspergillus pathogenic species

A

Fumigatus
Niger
Nidulans

41
Q

Aspergillus info and virulence factors

A

Ubiquitous soil saprophytes

Produce many EC toxins and enz causing virulence incl haemolysins and proteases

42
Q

Aspergillus diseases

Nasal aspergillosis

A

In dogs
With persistant turbinate or sinus infect
Fungal hyphae seen in turbinate surf during rhiniscopy
Can dissem causing widespread granulomas

43
Q

Aspergillus diseases in cows

A

Mastitis
Mycotic pneumonia
Mycotic abortion: 0.5% of abortion, other cause mortierella wolfii

44
Q

Aspergillus diseases guttural pouch mycosis

A

In horses
Inhalation of spores can result in mycelia germ and cover large muc areas
Infection can involve arteries and nerves and can cause horse abortion

45
Q

Aspergillus diseases

Brooder pneumonia

A

Avian
Diffuse airway infection
Hyphae often visualised by microscopy of assoc lesions
Most prod granulomatous react around nasal area or at wound site

46
Q

Inhalation sensitivity and best doc eg

A

Many airborne can be involved in hypersensitivity react
Best documented is actinomycete - micropolyspora faeni cause of farmers lung in hum, extrinsic allergic alveolitis if cattle and maybe COPD of horses

47
Q

Mycotoxosis and cause

A

Acute or chronic intoxication by ingest tox released by fungi on crops or in feed stores
Toxins are metabolic by products prod under spec circumstances
Outbreaks often seasonal and sporadic assoc with batches or certain pastures

48
Q

Mycotoxosis diagnosis and severity dep

A

On quantity and type of toxin and re exposure prev

Diagnosis difficult as req demo of tox in food, tissue or excretion

49
Q

Ergotism

A 
Ingestion of infected grasses and cereals
Usually caused by claviceps purpurea
Release ergot alkaloids
Gangrenous (chronic)
Convulsive (acute) 
Caused by ergotamine and ergometrine
50
Q

Aflatoxosis

A

Aflatoxins prod by aspergillus flavis and parasticus growing on stored crops
Effects pigs cattle poultry and trout
Can have long term carcinogenic effects

Bacteriology (15 decks)

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