Structure 1.3

Question 1

What happens when electrons gain energy?

Answer 1

They become excited and move to higher energy shells. However, they can’t hold on the energy and emit it as photons of light and fall back to the lower energy shells.

Question 1

Why does it require more energy to remove second and successive electrons from an ion?

Answer 1

As number of protons exceeds number of electrons so electrostatic attraction pulls electrons towards the nucleus

Question 2

Why would first ionisation energy be higher?

Answer 2

Full outer shell, close distance between protons in nucleus and electrons

Question 3

First ionisation energy

Answer 3

Energy required to remove one electron from an atom in the gaseous state (kj mol-1)

Question 4

Each element produces an emission spectrum - what is this?

Answer 4

Discrete lines at particular wavelengths corresponding to the differences between energy levels.

Question 5

What is the exception to aufbau principle?

Answer 5

Chromium and copper - 3d is filled before 4s

Question 6

Pauli’s exclusion principle

Answer 6

No two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers - in practise, each orbital can only contain a max of two electrons

Question 7

Hund’s rule

Answer 7

If two or more orbitals of equal energy are avaliable, electrons will occupy them singly before filling them in pairs

Question 8

Movement of electrons between shells is called what?

Answer 8

Electron transititions

Question 9

How can you tell the relative energy of a shell?

Answer 9

Energy emitted from electron transititions can be detected and wavelength measured

Question 10

What electron transitions produce UV light?

Answer 10

n=7/6/5/4/3/2/ to n=1

Question 11

What is (n)

Answer 11

Principal quantum number

Question 12

Which electron transmitions produce infrared light

Answer 12

n=7/6/5/4 to n=3/4/5/6

Question 13

Which electron transitions produce visible light?

Answer 13

n=7/6/5/4/3/ to n=2

Question 14

Each atomic orbital can hold how many electrons?

Answer 14

Two electrons spinning in opposite directions

Question 15

Aufbau principle

Answer 15

Electrons will fill the lowest avaliable energy level before filling higher levels

Question 16

Orbital diagram

Answer 16

Represents how electrons are arranged in atomic orbitals, called electron configuration

Question 17

Atomic orbital

Answer 17

A volume in space where there is a high probability that electrons are located

Question 18

Each atomic orbital can hold how many electrons?

Answer 18

Two electrons spinning in opposite directions

Question 19

The movement of electrons between shells is called what?

Answer 19

Electron transitions

Question 20

Each element produces an emission spectrum - what is this?

Answer 20

Discrete lines at particular wavelengths correspond to the differences between energy levels.

Question 21

Which electron transitions produce infrared light?

Answer 21

n>3 to n=3

Question 21

What is (n)

Answer 21

Principal quantum number

Question 22

Which electron transitions produce visible light?

Answer 22

n>2 to n=2

Question 23

Which electron transitions produce UV light?

Answer 23

n>1 to n=1

Question 24

How can you tell the relative energy of a shell?

Answer 24

The energy emitted from electron transitions can be detected and wavelength measured