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Health Status > Structural Levels > Flashcards

Structural Levels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ascending structural levels in the body?

A

Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ system

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2
Q

What 6 elements make up 99% of the body?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Calcium
Phosphorus

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3
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

The semi-fluid interior of a cell

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4
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Contains the chromosomes and controls all cellular activity

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5
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

A double phospholipid layer containing proteins which control in/out of the cell and allow interaction with the environment

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6
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

Converts glucose into ATP to fuel cellular processes

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7
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Read RNA to assemble amino acids into proteins

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8
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Organelles that break down and remove unwanted substances and invaders in the cell

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9
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus?

A

Receives, sorts, modifies and transports proteins/molecules

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10
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Smooth ER produces lipids, detoxify toxins and transport proteins made by rough ER
Rough ER has ribosomes and produces proteins

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11
Q

What is the DNA double helix made up of?

A

Nucleotides: deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

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12
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

A

Adenine and thymine
Cytosine and guanine

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13
Q

How does the double helix stick together?

A

Nitrogenous bases pair via hydrogen bonds
A-T and C-G

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14
Q

What is the general structure of epithelial tissue?

A

Tightly packed cells in layers

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15
Q

What is the general function of epithelial tissue?

A

Protect underlying tissue from damage, dehydration and pathogens
Absorb/secrete substances
Sensory purposes

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16
Q

What are the shape types of epithelial tissue?

A

Squamous: flat and scaly
Cuboidal
Columnar

17
Q

What are the arrangement types of epithelial tissue?

A

Simple: single layer
Stratified: multi layer

18
Q

What is the general function of connective tissue?

A

To provide support, connect and protect
Structural support is given in the form of maintaining shape, position and giving strength
Allowed for voluntary movement

19
Q

What is the general structure of connective tissue?

A

Cells dispersed in an extra cellular matrix with elastin and collagen

20
Q

What are 3 outlier functions of connective tissue?

A

Transport (blood)
Storage (fat stores energy)
Defence (contain immune cells)

21
Q

What are the 6 types of connective tissue?

A

Loose connective
Dense connective
Adipose
Bone
Blood
Cartilage

22
Q

What is the general function of muscle?

A

Allows movement and force

23
Q

What is the general structure of muscle?

A

Fibres containing actin and myosin which interact to produce contraction
May be striated (contain contractile proteins within fibres) or non-striated

24
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal: attached to bone to produce voluntary movement (striated)
Cardiac: involuntary contraction of the heart to pump blood (striated)
Smooth: in organs to allow involuntary movement (non-striated)

25
Q

What is the general function of nervous tissue?

A

To send and receive signals
Communication, control, sensory, process information

26
Q

What is the structure of a neuron?

A

The soma (cell body) contains the nucleus
Dendrites project from the soma and receive information
Axon (tail) extends from soma and sends signals

27
Q

How is a signal received/sent from neuron?

A

Dendrites receive neurotransmitter signal
Processed by the soma
Sent along the axon as an electrochemical signal which causes neurotransmitters to be released into the synapse

28
Q

What is an organ?

A

Two or more tissues
Self contained with a specific function
May be hollow or solid

29
Q

What is an organism?

A

A whole being
(Must perform MRS GREN by definition)

30
Q

What are the 3 layers of an artery?

A

Tunica adventitia: fibroids outer to protect
Tunica media: muscle middle for strength and tone
Tunica intimae: smooth inner for flow

Health Status (15 decks)

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