Structural Kinesiology

Question 1

What is kinesiology?

Answer 1

Study of motion or human movement

Question 2

what is anatomic kinesiology?

Answer 2

Study of human musculoskeletal system and musculotendinous system

Question 3

What is biomechanics?

Answer 3

application of mechanical physics to human motion

Question 4

What is structural kinesiology?

Answer 4

study of muscles as they are involved in science of movement

Question 5

About how many muscles are in the human body?

Answer 5

More than 600 muscles

Question 6

What is anatomical position?

Answer 6

most widely used & accurate for all aspects of the body

standing up, facing forward, feet parallel, palms facing forward

Question 7

What is a fundamental position?

Answer 7

Same as the anatomical position but the palms are facing in towards the body

Question 8

What is osteology?

Answer 8

Study of bones

There are about 206 bones in an adult skeleton

Question 9

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 9

1. Protection of organs
2. Support for posture
3. Movement
4. Mineral storage (such as calcium & phosphorus)
5. Homopoiesis

Question 10

What is homopoiesis?

Answer 10

Process of blood cell formation in the red bone marrow

Question 11

What are the different types of bones?

Answer 11

1. long
2. short
3. flat
4. irregular
5. sesamoid

Question 12

What are long bones?

Answer 12

Composed of long cylindrical shaft with relatively wide protruding ends

Question 13

What are short bones?

Answer 13

Small, cubical shaped, solid bones that usually have a proportionally large articular surface

Question 14

What are flat bones?

Answer 14

Usually have a curved surface & vary from thick where tendons attach to very thin

Question 15

What are irregular bones?

Answer 15

Includes bones throughout entire spine & Ischium, pubis, & maxilla

Question 16

What is sesamoid bones?

Answer 16

patella, 1st metatarsophalangeal

Question 17

What are some typical bony features?

Answer 17

1. diaphysis
2. cortex
3. periosteum
4. endosteum
5. medullary cavity
6. epiphysis
7. epiphyseal plate
8. articular cartilage

Question 18

What are diaphysis?

Answer 18

long cylindrical shaft

Question 19

What are cortex?

Answer 19

hard, dense compact bone forming walls of diaphysis

Question 20

What are periosteum?

Answer 20

dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis

Question 21

What are endosteum?

Answer 21

fibrous membrane that lines the inside of the cortex

Question 22

What are medullary cavity?

Answer 22

between walls of diaphysis, containing yellow or fatty marrow

Question 23

What are epiphysis?

Answer 23

ends of long bones formed from cancelleous bones

Question 24

What are epiphyseal plate?

Answer 24

thin cartilage plate separates diaphysis and epiphysis

Question 25

What are articular cartilage?

Answer 25

covering the epiphysis to provide cushioning effect & reduce friction

Question 26

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 26

cells that forms new bones

Question 27

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 27

cells that resorb new bones

Question 28

What are some types of bone markings?

Answer 28

1. Processes | 2. Cavities

Question 29

What are processes?

Answer 29

Processes to which ligaments, muscles or tendons attach

Question 30

What are cavities (or depressions)?

Answer 30

Including opening and grooves such as facet, foramen, fossa, etc.

Question 31

What is a goniometer?

Answer 31

a tool used to measure the amount of movement in a joint or to measure angles

Question 32

What are the 3 classification of joints?

Answer 32

1. synarthrodial 2. amphiarthrodial 3. diarthrodial

Question 33

What does synarthrodial mean?

Answer 33

- immovable joints | - sutures such as skull sutures

Question 34

What does amphiarthrodial mean?

Answer 34

- slightly movable joints | - allow a slight amount of motion to occur

Question 35

What are the 3 types of amphiarthrodial joints?

Answer 35

1. syndesmosis 2. synchondrosis 3. symphysis

Question 36

What are syndesmosis?

Answer 36

two bones joint together by a strong ligament or an interosseus membrane that allows minimal movement between bones

Question 37

What are synchondrosis?

Answer 37

type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movements between bones ex. costochondral joints of the ribs with the sternum

Question 38

What are symphysis?

Answer 38

Joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones

Question 39

What are diarthrodial joints?

Answer 39

- known as synovial joints - freely movable - composed of sleeve-like joint capsule - secretes synovial fluid to lubricate joint cavity

Question 40

What are some of the function of the diarthrodial joints?

Answer 40

- absorbes shock | - protect the bone

Question 41

What are the six types of diarthrodial joints?

Answer 41

1. arthrodial 2. ginglymus 3. trochoid 4. condyloid 5. enarthrodial 6. sellar

Question 42

What are arthrodial (gliding) joints?

Answer 42

- 2 plane or flat bony surfaces which butt against each other - little motion possible in any 1 joint articulation - usually works together in series of articulation ex. vertebral facets in spinal column

Question 43

What are ginglymus (hinge) joint?

Answer 43

- a uniaxial articulation - articular surfaces allow motion in only one plane ex. elbow, knee, ankle

Question 44

What are trochoid (pivot) joint?

Answer 44

- also uniaxial articulation | ex. proximal & distal radio-ulnar joints

Question 45

What are condyloid (knuckle) joints?

Answer 45

- biaxial ball & socket joint | ex. knuckles, wrist articulation between carpals and radius

Question 46

What are enarthrodial joints?

Answer 46

- multiaxial or triaxial ball & socket joint - bony rounded head fitting into a concave articular surface ex. hip & shoulder joint

Question 47

What are sellar (saddle) joint?

Answer 47

- unique triaxial joint | - only example is 1st carpometacarpal joint at the thumb

Question 48

What are physiological movements?

Answer 48

Occurs by moving through planes of motion about an axis of rotation at joint - flexion - extension - abduction - adduction - rotation

Question 49

What are osteokinematic motion?

Answer 49

resulting motion of bones relative to three cardinal planes from these physiological

Question 50

What are arthrokinematics?

Answer 50

motion between articular surfaces

Question 51

What are the 3 specific types of accessory motions?

Answer 51

- roll - spin - glide

Question 52

What must happen first before a physiological motion can occur?

Answer 52

an accessory motion

Question 53

Give an example of ginglymus (hinge) joint

Answer 53

Elbow joint | ankle joint

Question 54

Give an example of trochoidal (pivot) joint

Answer 54

- Proximal & distal radioulnar joint | - atlantoaxial joint

Question 55

Give an example of condyloidal joint

Answer 55

- wrist | - 2nd-5th metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 56

Give an example of arthrodial joint

Answer 56

- transverse tarsal joint - vertebral facets in spine - intercarpal joints in wrist

Question 57

Give an example of ball-and-socket joint

Answer 57

- glenohumeral joint | - hip joint

Question 58

Give an example of sellar joint

Answer 58

1st metacarpal joint (thumb)

Question 59

Give an example of syndesmosis joint

Answer 59

- coracoclavicular joint | - inferior tibiofibular joint

Question 60

Give an example of symphysis joint

Answer 60

- symphysis pubis | - intervertebral disks

Question 61

Give an example of synchondrosis joint

Answer 61

-costochondral joint of the ribs with the sternum