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KES 306 > Structural Kinesiology > Flashcards

Structural Kinesiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is kinesiology?

A

Study of motion or human movement

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2
Q

what is anatomic kinesiology?

A

Study of human musculoskeletal system and musculotendinous system

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3
Q

What is biomechanics?

A

application of mechanical physics to human motion

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4
Q

What is structural kinesiology?

A

study of muscles as they are involved in science of movement

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5
Q

About how many muscles are in the human body?

A

More than 600 muscles

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6
Q

What is anatomical position?

A

most widely used & accurate for all aspects of the body

standing up, facing forward, feet parallel, palms facing forward

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7
Q

What is a fundamental position?

A

Same as the anatomical position but the palms are facing in towards the body

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8
Q

What is osteology?

A

Study of bones

There are about 206 bones in an adult skeleton

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9
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A
  1. Protection of organs
  2. Support for posture
  3. Movement
  4. Mineral storage (such as calcium & phosphorus)
  5. Homopoiesis
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10
Q

What is homopoiesis?

A

Process of blood cell formation in the red bone marrow

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11
Q

What are the different types of bones?

A
  1. long
  2. short
  3. flat
  4. irregular
  5. sesamoid
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12
Q

What are long bones?

A

Composed of long cylindrical shaft with relatively wide protruding ends

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13
Q

What are short bones?

A

Small, cubical shaped, solid bones that usually have a proportionally large articular surface

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14
Q

What are flat bones?

A

Usually have a curved surface & vary from thick where tendons attach to very thin

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15
Q

What are irregular bones?

A

Includes bones throughout entire spine & Ischium, pubis, & maxilla

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16
Q

What is sesamoid bones?

A

patella, 1st metatarsophalangeal

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17
Q

What are some typical bony features?

A
  1. diaphysis
  2. cortex
  3. periosteum
  4. endosteum
  5. medullary cavity
  6. epiphysis
  7. epiphyseal plate
  8. articular cartilage
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18
Q

What are diaphysis?

A

long cylindrical shaft

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19
Q

What are cortex?

A

hard, dense compact bone forming walls of diaphysis

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20
Q

What are periosteum?

A

dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis

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21
Q

What are endosteum?

A

fibrous membrane that lines the inside of the cortex

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22
Q

What are medullary cavity?

A

between walls of diaphysis, containing yellow or fatty marrow

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23
Q

What are epiphysis?

A

ends of long bones formed from cancelleous bones

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24
Q

What are epiphyseal plate?

A

thin cartilage plate separates diaphysis and epiphysis

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25
Q

What are articular cartilage?

A

covering the epiphysis to provide cushioning effect & reduce friction

26
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

cells that forms new bones

27
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

cells that resorb new bones

28
Q

What are some types of bone markings?

A
  1. Processes

2. Cavities

29
Q

What are processes?

A

Processes to which ligaments, muscles or tendons attach

30
Q

What are cavities (or depressions)?

A

Including opening and grooves such as facet, foramen, fossa, etc.

31
Q

What is a goniometer?

A

a tool used to measure the amount of movement in a joint or to measure angles

32
Q

What are the 3 classification of joints?

A
  1. synarthrodial
  2. amphiarthrodial
  3. diarthrodial
33
Q

What does synarthrodial mean?

A
  • immovable joints

- sutures such as skull sutures

34
Q

What does amphiarthrodial mean?

A
  • slightly movable joints

- allow a slight amount of motion to occur

35
Q

What are the 3 types of amphiarthrodial joints?

A
  1. syndesmosis
  2. synchondrosis
  3. symphysis
36
Q

What are syndesmosis?

A

two bones joint together by a strong ligament or an interosseus membrane that allows minimal movement between bones

37
Q

What are synchondrosis?

A

type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movements between bones
ex. costochondral joints of the ribs with the sternum

38
Q

What are symphysis?

A

Joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones

39
Q

What are diarthrodial joints?

A
  • known as synovial joints
  • freely movable
  • composed of sleeve-like joint capsule
  • secretes synovial fluid to lubricate joint cavity
40
Q

What are some of the function of the diarthrodial joints?

A
  • absorbes shock

- protect the bone

41
Q

What are the six types of diarthrodial joints?

A
  1. arthrodial
  2. ginglymus
  3. trochoid
  4. condyloid
  5. enarthrodial
  6. sellar
42
Q

What are arthrodial (gliding) joints?

A
  • 2 plane or flat bony surfaces which butt against each other
  • little motion possible in any 1 joint articulation
  • usually works together in series of articulation
    ex. vertebral facets in spinal column
43
Q

What are ginglymus (hinge) joint?

A
  • a uniaxial articulation
  • articular surfaces allow motion in only one plane
    ex. elbow, knee, ankle
44
Q

What are trochoid (pivot) joint?

A
  • also uniaxial articulation

ex. proximal & distal radio-ulnar joints

45
Q

What are condyloid (knuckle) joints?

A
  • biaxial ball & socket joint

ex. knuckles, wrist articulation between carpals and radius

46
Q

What are enarthrodial joints?

A
  • multiaxial or triaxial ball & socket joint
  • bony rounded head fitting into a concave articular surface
    ex. hip & shoulder joint
47
Q

What are sellar (saddle) joint?

A
  • unique triaxial joint

- only example is 1st carpometacarpal joint at the thumb

48
Q

What are physiological movements?

A

Occurs by moving through planes of motion about an axis of rotation at joint

  • flexion
  • extension
  • abduction
  • adduction
  • rotation
49
Q

What are osteokinematic motion?

A

resulting motion of bones relative to three cardinal planes from these physiological

50
Q

What are arthrokinematics?

A

motion between articular surfaces

51
Q

What are the 3 specific types of accessory motions?

A
  • roll
  • spin
  • glide
52
Q

What must happen first before a physiological motion can occur?

A

an accessory motion

53
Q

Give an example of ginglymus (hinge) joint

A

Elbow joint

ankle joint

54
Q

Give an example of trochoidal (pivot) joint

A
  • Proximal & distal radioulnar joint

- atlantoaxial joint

55
Q

Give an example of condyloidal joint

A
  • wrist

- 2nd-5th metacarpophalangeal joint

56
Q

Give an example of arthrodial joint

A
  • transverse tarsal joint
  • vertebral facets in spine
  • intercarpal joints in wrist
57
Q

Give an example of ball-and-socket joint

A
  • glenohumeral joint

- hip joint

58
Q

Give an example of sellar joint

A

1st metacarpal joint (thumb)

59
Q

Give an example of syndesmosis joint

A
  • coracoclavicular joint

- inferior tibiofibular joint

60
Q

Give an example of symphysis joint

A
  • symphysis pubis

- intervertebral disks

61
Q

Give an example of synchondrosis joint

A

-costochondral joint of the ribs with the sternum

KES 306 (15 decks)

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